geo ch 5

Question 1

Language

Answer 1

system of communication through speech, movement, or sounds that a group of people understand have the same meaning

Question 2

centripetal force

Answer 2

force that unifies people

Question 3

centrifugal

Answer 3

force that pulls people apart

Question 4

Institutional language

Answer 4

used in education work, mass media, and government.

Question 5

Developing language

Answer 5

in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals.

Question 6

vigorous language

Answer 6

in daily use by people of all ages, but lacks literary tradition.

Question 7

threatened language

Answer 7

used for face to face communication but is losing users.

Question 8

dying language

Answer 8

is still used by older people but is not being transmitted to children.

Question 9

literary tradition

Answer 9

it is written as well as spoken.

Question 10

language family

Answer 10

a collecttion of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history

Question 11

language branch

Answer 11

a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago; differences are not as extensive or as old as between language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.

Question 12

language group

Answer 12

a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary.

Question 13

Vulgar Latin

Answer 13

The Latin that people in the provinces learned was not the standard literary form but a spoken form

Question 14

lingua franca

Answer 14

A language of international communication, such as English,

Question 15

logograms

Answer 15

symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words.

Question 16

official language

Answer 16

used by the government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business.

Question 17

working language

Answer 17

designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation.

Question 18

Franglais

Answer 18

is the mix of French and English.

Question 19

Spanglish

Answer 19

is the mix of Spanish and English.

Question 20

Denglish

Answer 20

is the mix of German and English.

Question 21

pidgin language

Answer 21

A group that learns English or another lingua franca may learn a simplified form

Question 22

dialect

Answer 22

a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.

Question 23

subdialect

Answer 23

a subdivision of a dialect.

Question 24

standard language

Answer 24

a dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication.

Question 25

Received pronunciation

Answer 25

In the case of England, the standard language is known as

Question 26

isogloss

Answer 26

word that is not used nationally has some geographic extent within the country and therefore has boundaries.

Question 27

African American Vernacular English (AAVE).

Answer 27

Living in racially segregated neighborhoods within northern cities and attending segregated schools, many African Americans preserved their distinctive dialect.

Question 28

creole, or creolized language

Answer 28

a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.

Question 29

Mutual intelligibility

Answer 29

refers to the ability of people speaking in two ways to readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.

Question 30

endangered language

Answer 30

one that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently

Question 31

extinct language

Answer 31

a language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer in use.