geo ch 5 Flashcards
Language
system of communication through speech, movement, or sounds that a group of people understand have the same meaning
centripetal force
force that unifies people
centrifugal
force that pulls people apart
Institutional language
used in education work, mass media, and government.
Developing language
in daily use by people of all ages, from children to elderly individuals.
vigorous language
in daily use by people of all ages, but lacks literary tradition.
threatened language
used for face to face communication but is losing users.
dying language
is still used by older people but is not being transmitted to children.
literary tradition
it is written as well as spoken.
language family
a collecttion of languages related through a common ancestral language that existed long before recorded history
language branch
a collection of languages within a family related through a common ancestral language that existed several thousand years ago; differences are not as extensive or as old as between language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family.
language group
a collection of languages within a branch that share a common origin in the relatively recent past and display many similarities in grammar and vocabulary.
Vulgar Latin
The Latin that people in the provinces learned was not the standard literary form but a spoken form
lingua franca
A language of international communication, such as English,
logograms
symbols that represent words or meaningful parts of words.
official language
used by the government to enact legislation, publish documents, and conduct other public business.
working language
designated by an international organization or corporation as its primary means of communication for daily correspondence and conversation.
Franglais
is the mix of French and English.
Spanglish
is the mix of Spanish and English.
Denglish
is the mix of German and English.
pidgin language
A group that learns English or another lingua franca may learn a simplified form
dialect
a regional variation of a language distinguished by distinctive vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation.
subdialect
a subdivision of a dialect.
standard language
a dialect that is well established and widely recognized as the most acceptable for government, business, education, and mass communication.
Received pronunciation
In the case of England, the standard language is known as
isogloss
word that is not used nationally has some geographic extent within the country and therefore has boundaries.
African American Vernacular English (AAVE).
Living in racially segregated neighborhoods within northern cities and attending segregated schools, many African Americans preserved their distinctive dialect.
creole, or creolized language
a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer’s language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated.
Mutual intelligibility
refers to the ability of people speaking in two ways to readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.
endangered language
one that children are no longer learning, and its remaining speakers use it less frequently
extinct language
a language that was once used by people in daily activities but is no longer in use.
