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H&N AM > Nose pathologies > Flashcards

Nose pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What are the most common causes of epistaxis?

A

Nose picking
Idiopathic
Trauma

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2
Q

What are the systemic causes of epistaxis?

A

Hypertension
Anticoagulents
Coagulopathy
HHT

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3
Q

Where is the common area for epistaxis?

A

Little’s area of anterior septum

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4
Q

What is the management of severe epistaxis?

A

Cautery if bleeding can be localised

Packing if bleeding diffuse and large volume

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5
Q

What is the management of a nose fracture?

A

Manipulation after 1 week if deformity

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6
Q

Whatare the complications of nose fracture?

A

Deformiy
Septal deviation
Septal haematoma

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7
Q

What is the presentation of a septal haematoma?

A

Cherry swelling

Boggy feeling, nasal obstruction

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8
Q

What are the complications of a septal haematoma?

A

Septal necrosis –> saddle deformity

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9
Q

What is the management of a septal haematoma?

A

Prompt drainage and nasal splint/packing

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10
Q

What is the presentation of a foreign body in the nose?

A

Unilateral blood stained nasal discharge= classic
Inflammation of vestibular skin
Nasal obstruction
Epistaxis

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11
Q

What is the presentation of septal deviation?

A

Deformity
Nasal obstruction
Crusting
Recurrent sinusitis

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12
Q

what causes septal perforation?

A

Trauma- surgery, nose picking
Avascular necrosis- cocaine, septal haematoma, abscess
Granulomatous inflammation
T cell lymphoma

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13
Q

What is the presentation of septal perforation?

A

Feeling of nasal obstruction
Whistling
Crusting
Epistaxis

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14
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of nasal lining

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15
Q

What are the common causes of rhinitis?

A

Allergic- hay fever

Infective- common cold

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16
Q

What is the presentation of nasal polyps?

A

Benign- bilateral and occupy middle meatus
Suspicious- unilateral, bleeding, ulceration
Nasal obstruction
Anosmia
Rhinorrhoea
Translucent grey appearance
Mobile on probing

17
Q

What is the management of benign nasal polyps?

A

Steroids

Less common= surgery

18
Q

What is a simple nasal papilloma and how is it treated?

A

Occur in nasal vestibule and can mimic SCC

Excision

19
Q

What is the appearance and management of an inverted papilloma?

A

Invered appearance

Excision

20
Q

What are the complications of an inverted papilloma?

A

Recurrence

malignant change

21
Q

What is the most common malignant tumour of the nose?

A

SCC

22
Q

What is the presentation of an SCC in nose?

A

Usually lateral wall

Spread common

23
Q

What is the management of nose SCC?

A

Excision and radiotherapy

H&N AM (9 decks)

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