Nose pathologies Flashcards
What are the most common causes of epistaxis?
Nose picking
Idiopathic
Trauma
What are the systemic causes of epistaxis?
Hypertension
Anticoagulents
Coagulopathy
HHT
Where is the common area for epistaxis?
Little’s area of anterior septum
What is the management of severe epistaxis?
Cautery if bleeding can be localised
Packing if bleeding diffuse and large volume
What is the management of a nose fracture?
Manipulation after 1 week if deformity
Whatare the complications of nose fracture?
Deformiy
Septal deviation
Septal haematoma
What is the presentation of a septal haematoma?
Cherry swelling
Boggy feeling, nasal obstruction
What are the complications of a septal haematoma?
Septal necrosis –> saddle deformity
What is the management of a septal haematoma?
Prompt drainage and nasal splint/packing
What is the presentation of a foreign body in the nose?
Unilateral blood stained nasal discharge= classic
Inflammation of vestibular skin
Nasal obstruction
Epistaxis
What is the presentation of septal deviation?
Deformity
Nasal obstruction
Crusting
Recurrent sinusitis
what causes septal perforation?
Trauma- surgery, nose picking
Avascular necrosis- cocaine, septal haematoma, abscess
Granulomatous inflammation
T cell lymphoma
What is the presentation of septal perforation?
Feeling of nasal obstruction
Whistling
Crusting
Epistaxis
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of nasal lining
What are the common causes of rhinitis?
Allergic- hay fever
Infective- common cold
What is the presentation of nasal polyps?
Benign- bilateral and occupy middle meatus
Suspicious- unilateral, bleeding, ulceration
Nasal obstruction
Anosmia
Rhinorrhoea
Translucent grey appearance
Mobile on probing
What is the management of benign nasal polyps?
Steroids
Less common= surgery
What is a simple nasal papilloma and how is it treated?
Occur in nasal vestibule and can mimic SCC
Excision
What is the appearance and management of an inverted papilloma?
Invered appearance
Excision
What are the complications of an inverted papilloma?
Recurrence
malignant change
What is the most common malignant tumour of the nose?
SCC
What is the presentation of an SCC in nose?
Usually lateral wall
Spread common
What is the management of nose SCC?
Excision and radiotherapy
