Mouth and throat pathologies Flashcards
What causes aphthous ulcers?
Stress
Diet
Oral hygiene
Hormones
What is the presentation of aphthous ulcers?
Usually edge of tongue, appear in crops
How do you treat aphthous ulcers and when do you treat them?
Treat if severe and recurrent
Analgesia and steroids
What causes infective ulcers?
Usually HSV
What is the presentation of infective ulcers?
Painful
Pyrexia, malaise
What are the risk factors for oral candida?
Young or old
Immunocompromised
Inhaled steroids
What is the presentation of oral candida?
White patches/membrane with underlying red, raw mucosal surface
What is the diagnosis and management of oral candida?
CLinical
Topical cotrimazole or oral fluconazole
What is black hairy tongue?
Overgrowth and discolouration of filiform papillae
What are the risk factors and management for black hairy tongue?
Smoking
Manage w vigorous brushing/scraping
What are the common causes of tonsillitis?
Viral
Bacterial
What is the presentation of tonsillitis?
Pain Dysphagia and odynophagia Enlargement of tonsils Fever, malaise Lymphadenopathy
How is tonsillitis diagnosed?
Clinical diagnosis
Throat swab if suspect of bacterial
What are the criteria for antibiotics in tonsillitis?
FeverPAIN Fever Purulence Attended <3 days Inflamed tonsils No cough/coryza
What is the antibiotic management of tonsillitis?
10 days phenoxymethylpenicillin
What are the complications of a tonsillectomy?
Haemorrhage
Coroner’s clot
What is quinsy?
Peritonsillar abscess
Common post infective complication of tonsillitis
What is the presentation of quinsy?
Lateral based, peritonsillar swelling Displacement of uvula away from affected side Drooling, dysphagia Pain, esp on opening mouth Trismus (lockjaw)
What is the management of quinsy?
Drain abscess
Antibiotics
Dexamethasone
What causes laryngitis?
Infection, usually viral
Trauma
What is the presentation of laryngitis?
Hoarse voice
Cough
Pain
What is the management of laryngitis?
Mainly supportive- analgesia, rest, hydration
What is the most common cause of epiglottis?
Bacterial
What is the presentation of epiglottis?
Children more common Rapid progression Dysphagia and drooling Hoarse, fever, very unwell Increased RR, stridor, leaning forward
