Eye emergencies

Question 1

What are some examples of eye emergencies?

Answer 1

Retinal detachment
Chemical injury
Acute closed angle glaucoma
Corneal ulcer
Periorbital cellulitis
Orbital cellulitis
Endopthalamitis

Question 2

What is retinal detachment?

Answer 2

Seperation of neurosensory layer from retinal pigment epithelium

Question 3

What is the presentation of retinal detachment?

Answer 3

Flashes/floaters in vision
Peripheral visual loss or “curtain” over vision
Deterioration in central vision

Question 4

What is the management of retinal detachment?

Answer 4

Surgical vitrectomy and repair

Question 5

What is the emergency management of chemical injury?

Answer 5

Immediate and rigorous washing with saline until pH normalises
Call for opthamology

Question 6

What is acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 6

Optic neuropathy due to raised intraocular pressure

Question 7

What is the presentation of acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 7

Severe pain- ocular or headache
Red, artery eye
Decreased visual acuity
Corneal oedema
Systemic upset

Question 8

What is the management of acute closed angle glaucoma?

Answer 8

Laser iridotomy- allows for drainage
Acetazolamide
Pilocarpine

Question 9

What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers?

Answer 9

Corneal trauma

Contact lens wearer

Question 10

What is the presentation of a corneal ulcer aka infectious keratitis?

Answer 10

Visible abrasion/ulcer
Red, watery eye
Pain
Decreased visual acuity
Photophobia

Question 11

What is the management of a corneal ulcer?

Answer 11

Topical antibiotics and inpatient stay

Question 12

What is endopthalamitis?

Answer 12

inflammation of intraocular fluids, due to infection- candida most common

Question 13

What are the causes f endopthalamitis?

Answer 13

Intraocular surgery
Penetrating trauma
Haematogenous spread- esp if diabetic/immunocompromised

Question 14

What is the presentation of endopthalamitis?

Answer 14

Severe pain
Loss of vision
Redness
Hypopyon- pus in anterior chamber

Question 15

What is the management of enopthalamitis?

Answer 15

Intravitreal antibiotics

Surgery

Question 16

What are th complications of endopthalamitis?

Answer 16

Loss of vision

Loss of eye

Question 17

What is periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 17

Inflammation and infection of superficial eyelid- remains in soft tissue layers

Question 18

What causes periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 18

Children- sinusitis

Adults- superficial infection

Question 19

What is the presentation of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 19

Redness and swelling around eye
Pain
Ocular function intact

Question 20

What is the management of periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 20

Antibiotics

Children- IV antibiotics and hospital admission

Question 21

Wat is the biggest complication wth periorbital cellulitis?

Answer 21

Progression to orbital cellulitis

Question 22

What is orbital cellulitis?

Answer 22

Infection within orbital soft tissues and associated ocular dysfunction

Question 23

What is the cause of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 23

Usually underlying bacterial sinusitis

Question 24

What is the presentation of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 24

Severe eye pain and headache
Severe redness around a swollen eye
Visual disturbances
Proptosis
Ptosis
Fever

Question 25

What is the management or orbital cellulitis?

Answer 25

IV antibiotics, hospital admission and surgical evaluation