Eye emergencies Flashcards
What are some examples of eye emergencies?
Retinal detachment Chemical injury Acute closed angle glaucoma Corneal ulcer Periorbital cellulitis Orbital cellulitis Endopthalamitis
What is retinal detachment?
Seperation of neurosensory layer from retinal pigment epithelium
What is the presentation of retinal detachment?
Flashes/floaters in vision
Peripheral visual loss or “curtain” over vision
Deterioration in central vision
What is the management of retinal detachment?
Surgical vitrectomy and repair
What is the emergency management of chemical injury?
Immediate and rigorous washing with saline until pH normalises
Call for opthamology
What is acute closed angle glaucoma?
Optic neuropathy due to raised intraocular pressure
What is the presentation of acute closed angle glaucoma?
Severe pain- ocular or headache Red, artery eye Decreased visual acuity Corneal oedema Systemic upset
What is the management of acute closed angle glaucoma?
Laser iridotomy- allows for drainage
Acetazolamide
Pilocarpine
What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers?
Corneal trauma
Contact lens wearer
What is the presentation of a corneal ulcer aka infectious keratitis?
Visible abrasion/ulcer Red, watery eye Pain Decreased visual acuity Photophobia
What is the management of a corneal ulcer?
Topical antibiotics and inpatient stay
What is endopthalamitis?
inflammation of intraocular fluids, due to infection- candida most common
What are the causes f endopthalamitis?
Intraocular surgery
Penetrating trauma
Haematogenous spread- esp if diabetic/immunocompromised
What is the presentation of endopthalamitis?
Severe pain
Loss of vision
Redness
Hypopyon- pus in anterior chamber
What is the management of enopthalamitis?
Intravitreal antibiotics
Surgery
What are th complications of endopthalamitis?
Loss of vision
Loss of eye
What is periorbital cellulitis?
Inflammation and infection of superficial eyelid- remains in soft tissue layers
What causes periorbital cellulitis?
Children- sinusitis
Adults- superficial infection
What is the presentation of periorbital cellulitis?
Redness and swelling around eye
Pain
Ocular function intact
What is the management of periorbital cellulitis?
Antibiotics
Children- IV antibiotics and hospital admission
Wat is the biggest complication wth periorbital cellulitis?
Progression to orbital cellulitis
What is orbital cellulitis?
Infection within orbital soft tissues and associated ocular dysfunction
What is the cause of orbital cellulitis?
Usually underlying bacterial sinusitis
What is the presentation of orbital cellulitis?
Severe eye pain and headache Severe redness around a swollen eye Visual disturbances Proptosis Ptosis Fever
What is the management or orbital cellulitis?
IV antibiotics, hospital admission and surgical evaluation
