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H&N AM > Middle ear pathology > Flashcards

Middle ear pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is otitis media associated with?

A

Children

URTI

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2
Q

What is the presentation of otitis media?

A 
Pain
Pyrexia and systemic upset
Hearing loss
Otorrhoea
Bulging, red drum
TM perforation- due to pressure
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3
Q

What is the management of otitis media?

A

Simple analgesia

Bilateral and <2yo= antibiotics

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4
Q

What is otitis media with effusion?

A

Glue ear

Poor ventilation and drainage of middle ear leading to sterile, thick effusion

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5
Q

What is th normal progression of otitis media with effusion?

A

Normally resolves spontaneously

Can last months-years

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6
Q

What is the presentation of otitis media with effusion?

A

Hearing loss
Drawn in eardrum
Fluid visible under eardrum
Recurrent infections

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7
Q

What is the management otitis media with effusion?

A

If no resolution in >3 months and symptomatic= gromit insertion

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8
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Sac of keratinising squamous epithelium

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9
Q

What causes a cholesteatoma?

A

Negative pressure in middle ear “pulls” pars flaccid inwards, and migratory epithelium can travel into the sac and become stuck

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10
Q

What is the presentation of a cholesteatoma?

A

Chronic foul smelling discharge

Conductive hearing loss

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11
Q

What is the management of cholesteatoma?

A

Surgical removal +/- mastoidectomy

Antibiotics

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12
Q

What are the complications of a cholesteatoma?

A 
Erosion of bone
Mastoiditis
Facial nerve palsy
Erosion of labyrinth
Intracranial sepsis
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13
Q

What is the appearance of mastoiditis?

A

Postauricular swelling that pushes ear forward

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14
Q

What is otosclerosis?

A

Irregularly laid spongey bone replaces normal bone, mainly of stapes

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15
Q

What is the presentation of otosclerosis?

A

Usually bilateral
Conductive hearing loss
Tinnitus
Positional vertigo

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16
Q

What causes TM perforation?

A 
Otitis media
Trauma
Loid noise
Surgery
Eustachian tube dysfunction
17
Q

What is the management of TM perforation?

A 
Subtotal/toal= graft
Small= will resolve itself

H&N AM (9 decks)

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