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H&N AM > Inner ear pathology > Flashcards

Inner ear pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is presbycusis?

A

Degenerative hearing loss of old age

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2
Q

What causes presbycusis?

A

Gradual loss of outer hair cells of cochlea

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3
Q

What is the presentation of presbycusis?

A

Gradual hearing loss bilaterally
Sound confusion in loud environments
Tinnitus

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4
Q

What s labyrinthitis?

A

Acute inflammation of inner ear

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5
Q

What is the cause of labyrinthitis?

A

Usually after URTI

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6
Q

What is the presentation of labyrinthitis?

A

Vertigo- can be disabling

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7
Q

What is the management of labyrinthitis?

A

Vestibular sedative- prochlorperazine

Rest and rehab

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8
Q

What are the complications of labyrinthitis?

A

Long recovery
Hearing loss
Total vestibular destruction

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9
Q

What can cause vascular events within the inner ear?

A

Thromboembolism
Atherosclerosis
Vasculitis

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10
Q

What is the presentation of a vascular event in the inner ear?

A

Acute hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus

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11
Q

What is the management of a vascular event in the inner ear?

A

Steroids

LMWH

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12
Q

What is Meniere’s disease?

A

Disorder of inner ear causing episodes of hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo

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13
Q

What is the presentation of MEniere’s

A

Episodic and progressive
Sensorineural hearing loss
Vertigo- with N&V and nystagmus
Tinnitus
Tinnitus and hearing loss become permanent
Starts unilaterally and progresses to bilat

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14
Q

How is Meniere’s diagnosed?

A

Clinical history and exam

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15
Q

What is the management of Meniere’s?

A

Acute- vestibular sedatives
Preventative- vasodilator, diuretics, low salt and caffeine diet
Severe- ablation

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16
Q

What causes benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

Dislodged otoliths settling in posterior semicircular canals

17
Q

What is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

Episodic vertigo when head is moved in certain positions classically turning over in bed or looking up

18
Q

What is the presentation of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo?

A

Vertigo associated with nystagmus towards affected side

19
Q

How is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo diagnosed?

A

Dix-Hallpike test

20
Q

How is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo managed?

A

Epley’s manoeuvre

21
Q

What is vestibular neuritis?

A

Inflammation of vestibular portion of CNVIII

22
Q

What cases vestibular neuritis?

A

Usually viral infection

23
Q

What is the presentation of vestibular neuritis?

A

Vertigo

Hearing disturbances

24
Q

What is the management of vestibular neuritis?

A

Vestibular sedatives

Rest

25
Q

What is an acoustic neuroma?

A

Schwannoma of vestibular division of CNVIII

26
Q

What is the presentation of an acoustic neuroma?

A

Vertigo

Unilateral sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus- growth of schwannoma caused compression of cochlear nerve

27
Q

How is an acoustic neuroma diagnosed?

A

MRI

28
Q

What is the management of an acoustic neuroma?

A

Slow growing- watchful waiting
Surgery
Radiotherapy

H&N AM (9 decks)

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