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Intro Sommelier 2020 > North America > Flashcards

North America Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What is the general history of California to the east?

A

Dates back to the 1500’s with French Huguenots in Florida and 1600’s with colonists in Jamestown/other northeast settlements.

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2
Q

What is the general history of California to the west?

A

Franciscan mission plantings in present-day Texas and New Mexico in the 16th century — and along the California coast in the 17th century.

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3
Q

When did the wine industry in California begin to flourish?

A

Mid 1850’s

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4
Q

Who was considered the “father of the California wine industry”?

A

Agoston Haraszthy

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5
Q

Who was Agoston Haraszthy? What is he credited for doing?

A

A Hungarian fur trader who is considered the father of the California wine industry.

He is credited for bringing European vinifera vines to CA.

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6
Q

What vineyard did Agoston Haraszthy found in 1857 in California?

A

Buena Vista.

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7
Q

What attracted Italian and French immigrants to California which was beneficial for the wine culture/industry?

A

The Gold Rush

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8
Q

What were some of the setbacks the United States suffered that had a huge impact on the wine industry?

A

Phylloxera in the 1880’s/1890’s.

Prohibition in 1920-1933.

Great Depression.

World War II.

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9
Q

After Prohibition was repealed in 1922, how many wineries remained in California?

A

Fewer than 100 wineries.

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10
Q

When did the California wine industry begin to fully recover?

A

1960’s and 1970’s.

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11
Q

Who were some of the luminaries credited with bringing quality winemaking back to California?

A

Robert Mondavi and André Tchelistcheff.

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12
Q

In what year was the famous blind tasting known as the Judgement of Paris?

A

1976.

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13
Q

What was the Judgement of Paris in 1976?

A

A famous blind tasting in which two California contenders prevailed over classic French wines from Burgundy and Bordeaux.

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14
Q

What rank in world wine production is the United States?

A

Fourth.

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15
Q

Who regulates all federal beverage alcohol laws in the United States?

A

The Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB).

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16
Q

What is the job of the TTB - Tax and Trade Bureau?

A

Regulated all federal beverage alcohol laws.

Defines and approves boundaries of American wine regions.

Demarcates appellations based on geographical features.

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17
Q

What is an AVA?

A

“Delimited grape-growing areas” revering to geographic location only.

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18
Q

What were the first AVA’s named and when?

A

Augusta, Missouri (1980)

Napa Valley, California (1981)

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19
Q

What is the United States Wine Labeling Law for grape variety?

A

75% minimum of grapes from USA, state, county, or AVA.

90% minimum in Oregon for many varieties.

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20
Q

What is the United States Wine Labeling Law for vintage?

A

85% minimum if from stated vintage from state or county.

95% minimum from stated vintage if from an AVA or single vineyard.

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21
Q

What is the United States Wine Labeling Law for an appellation or AVA (origin of grapes)?

A

75% minimum from USA, state**, or county.

85% minimum from stated AVA.

95% minimum from a state single vineyard.

** Washing requires 95% and California/Oregon require 100%.

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22
Q

What is the United States Wine Labeling Law for Estate Bottling?

A

100% from grapes grown on land controlled/owned by the winery which must be located in an AVA.

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23
Q

What is the general climate like for California?

A

Cool on the coast (Pacific influence).

Wart to hot inland (depending on distance from Pacific).

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24
Q

What is the topography like in California?

A

Mountain ranges and rolling hills (which either block Pacific air or funnel it inland).

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25
Q

General overview (important areas) of California regions?

A

North Coast
Sierra Foothills
Central Coast
Central Valley

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26
Q

What are the main grape varieties found in California?

A

(White)
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

(Red)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Zinfandel
Pinot Noir
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27
Q

Where is Napa Valley located?

A

It stretches 30 miles north to south from San Pablo Bay to Mount Saint Helena.

Vaca mountains to the east.

Mayacamas separate Napa from Sonoma to the west.

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28
Q

What are the two mountain ranges that influence Napa Valley?

A

Vaca Mountains

Mayacamas Mountains

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29
Q

What river flows through the heart of Napa Valley?

A

The Napa River.

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30
Q

What is the climate like in Napa Valley?

A

Dry, Mediterranean.

depends on altitude and influence of cool air/fog from San Pablo Bay.

Large diurnal shifts.

Southern portion is highly affected by cool air/fog and lessens as you move north.

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31
Q

What is the Topography of Napa Valley?

A

Mountainous portions that ride up to 2,000 feet.

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32
Q

What main grapes are grown in Napa Valley?

A

(White)
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

(Red)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Zinfandel
Pinot Noir
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33
Q

What creates large diurnal shifts in the climate of Napa Valley?

A

The cool, morning and evening fogs off the bay.

34
Q

Where are a majority of Napa Valleys vineyards grown?

A

On higher elevation slopes and hillsides, as well as on the valley floor.

35
Q

What type of vessels are used to age Napa Valley wines?

A

New French and American oak barrels (vanilla, toast).

36
Q

What style of fermentation is used often for Napa Valley white wines?

A

Malolactic fermentation.

37
Q

Where in Napa Valley are most sparkling wines produced?

A

Cooler southern regions, most notably in Carneros.

38
Q

What are the important AVA’s of Napa Valley?

A 
Carneros 
Stags Leap District
Oakville
Rutherford
Howell Mountain
39
Q

Where is Sonoma County located?

A

The western edge of the North Coast, extending eastward from the Pacific Ocean to the ridge line of Mayacamas.

40
Q

What is the climate like in Sonoma?

A

Cooler coastal areas, warmer zones moving inland.

Extremely varied depending on proximity to Pacific Ocean. Altitude, and fog influence from Petaluma Gap.

Diurnal shifts.

41
Q

What is the Petaluma Gap?

A

A gap in the mountains that funnels cool air and fog from the ocean inland.

42
Q

What is the topography like in Sonoma?

A

Hilly and mountainous.

43
Q

What are the main grapes grown in Sonoma?

A

(White)
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

(Red)
Pinot Noir
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Zinfandel
Syrah
44
Q

What styles of wine are made in Sonoma?

A

Intense, new oak-aged, red wines.

Very diverse styles depending on climate/cooling factors.

45
Q

What are the important AVA’s of Sonoma County?

A 
Carneros
Sonoma Valley
Sonoma Coast
Alexander Valley
Russian River Valley
Dry Creek Valley
46
Q

Where is Mendocino County located?

A

North of Sonoma County along the Pacific Ocean.

47
Q

What is the important Mendocino County AVA?

A

Anderson Valley

48
Q

What is the climate like in Anderson Valley?

A

Cool, coastal.

49
Q

What grapes are grown in Anderson Valley?

A

Chardonnay (white).

Pinot Noir (red).

50
Q

What is Anderson Valley known for?

A

Traditional method sparkling wines.

51
Q

What are the Central Coast (California) AVA’s?

A 
Monterey
Pass Robles
Santa Maria Valley
Santa Ynez Valley
Sta. Rita Hills
52
Q

Where is the Monterey AVA?

A

South of San Francisco and San Jose near the town of Monterey.

Very fertile area known for agriculture.

53
Q

What is the climate like in Monterey?

A

Cool maritime, fog and intense wind near coast.

Very warm to hot further south and inland.

54
Q

What are the main grape varieties grown in Monterey?

A

Chardonnay (white).

```
Red
Pinot Noir
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Zinfandel
~~~

55
Q

Where is the Pasa Robles AVA?

A

San Luis Obispo County between Monterey and Sant Barbara.

56
Q

What is the climate like in Pasa Robles?

A

Generally very warm, hot days and cold nights.

It is blocked from the maritime influence by mountains in the west.

Petaluma Gap allows cool air to reach parts of vineyards.

57
Q

What are the main grapes grown in Pasa Robles?

A

Chardonnay (white).

(Red)
Cabernet Sauvignon

Rhone varietals 
(Grenache/Syrah)

Zinfandel

58
Q

Where is Santa Barbara located?

A

North of LA and north of the city of Santa Barbara.

59
Q

What is the climate in Santa Barbara?

A

Maritime.

Drama change from cool/wet/win to to warm dry inland.

60
Q

What runs west to east in CA and creates a valley that funnels cool air and fog from the Pacific?

A

California’s Coastal Range.

61
Q

What are the main grapes grown in Santa Barbara?

A

(White)
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

(Red)
Pinot Noir
Grenache, Syrah (Rhone)
Cab., Merlot (Bordeaux)

62
Q

What are the important AVA’s of Santa Barbara?

A

Santa Maria Valley
Santa Ynez
Sta. Rita Hills

63
Q

Where is Oregon located?

A

Pacific Northwest

Main regions are between Coastal Range and Cascade Mountains (sunning south from Portland).

64
Q

What provides a rain shadow for Oregon and protects it from Pacific weather?

A

Coastal Range.

65
Q

What kind of soils can be found in Oregon?

A

Mix of volcanic, alluvial, and clay.

66
Q

What are the main grape varietals for Oregon?

A

(White)
Pinot Gris
Chardonnay
Riesling

(Red)
Pinot Noir

67
Q

What makes up 70% of plantings in Oregon?

A

Pinot Noir.

68
Q

Where are the vineyards of Willamette Valley planted?

A

On higher-elevation slopes and hillsides or on the valley floor.

69
Q

What is an important AVA of Oregon?

A

Willamette Valley.

70
Q

What is the Regional Wine Law in Oregon?

A

Requires Quine contain a minimum of 90% of stated grape variety on the label.

An exception is made for Cabernet, Merlot, and a few other grapes which allows 75%.

Wine labeled by AVA must contain 95% minimum grown in that appellation instead of standard 85%.

71
Q

Where is Washington State?

A

Pacific Northwest, majority of vineyards located in Cascade Mountains.

72
Q

What provides a rain shadow protecting the entire eastern portion of Washington State from Pacific weather?

A

Cascade Mountains

73
Q

What impact on the climate do the Cascade Mountains have on Washington State?

A

Creates a continental, high-desert climate with hot summers, very cold winters, and little precipitation.

74
Q

What are the main grapes grown in Washington State?

A

(White)
Chardonnay
Riesling

(Red)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah

75
Q

What is the climate like in Washington State?

A

Continental, desert like conditions with dramatic diurnal differences up to 40 degrees between day and night.

76
Q

What is essential for viticulture in Washington State?

A

Irrigation.

77
Q

What rivers are the primary sources of water for irrigation in Washington State?

A

Columbia, Yakima, and Snake rivers.

78
Q

What are the important AVA’s of Washington State?

A

Columbia Valley AVA

  - Yakima Valley AVA
  - Walla Walla Valley AVA
79
Q

What are the important AVA’s of New York State?

A

Finger Lakes
Hudson River Region
Long Island
Lake Erie

80
Q

What are the main grape varieties of New York State?

A

(White)
Riesling
Gewurtztraminer
Chardonnay

(Red)
Pinot Noir
Merlot
Cabernet Franc
Concord

(Hybrid)
Aurora
Serval Blanc

81
Q

What is important for viticulture in New York State?

A

To protect vines from deep freezes during harsh winters and mold in warm, humid summer months.

Intro Sommelier 2020 (27 decks)

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