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Intro Sommelier 2020 > Beer/Cider/Sake/Spirits > Flashcards

Beer/Cider/Sake/Spirits Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What defines an Old World/European style cider?

A

Distinctive time-honored styles of cider reflecting the soil, weather, and culture of the region (terroir).

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2
Q

What is molasses?

A

A by-product of processing sugar cane into sugar.

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3
Q

How is Vodka made?

A

Traditionally a distillate of fermented cereal grains or potatoes.

It is distilled multiple times to achieve purity and neutrality most often in a continuous still.

It is a clear, un-aged spirit.

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4
Q

What is the role of a Continuous Still?

A

It continuously runs and is faster than a pot still.

Has potential to remove flavors/impurities creating a neutral spirit.

Used for most vodka/bourbons and large scale distillation.

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5
Q

What countries/regions is cider most often produced in Europe?

A 
England
Normandy
Brittany
Asturias
Basque
Germany
Austria
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6
Q

What is a Digestif?

A

A beverage served after a meal to help stimulate digestion.

Ex. bitters, amari, etc

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7
Q

What are Eaux de Vie de Fruits?

A

Brandies made with any fruit apart from grapes.

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8
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Junmai sake?

A

70% of grain remains

30% of grain is milled away

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9
Q

What is ‘nigori’ sake?

A

Milky, unfiltered sake, usually off-dry

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10
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Daiginjo sake?

A

50% maximum of grain remains

50% minimum of rice is milled away

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11
Q

What are the four sake quality grades (from lowest to highest)?

A

Junmai
Honjozo
Ginjo
Daiginjo

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12
Q

What are some examples of Eaux de Vie Fruits brandies?

A

Framboise — Raspberry
Kirsch — Cherry
Poire William — Pear

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13
Q

What does the type of yeast in making beer determine?

A

Whether the beer is an ale or lager.

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14
Q

What are the four main ingredients in Beer?

A

Water (85%)
Cereal Grain and Malt
Yeast
Hops

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15
Q

How is Calvados Eau de Vie made?

A

Distilled from fermented apples/pears.

Distilled twice in a copper pot still.
(Some areas use a continuous still).

Required minimum of two years aging in French oak casks.

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16
Q

Germination of grains produces what?

A

Enzymes that turn starches into sugar creating malt.

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17
Q

What happened to the quality grade of sake as the size of the grain decreases?

A

The quality grade increases.

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18
Q

What is an example of an Elderflower liqueur/cordial?

A

St. German

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19
Q

What is the origin of Sake?

A

Japan

2,500 years ago when rice-growing became prevalent.

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20
Q

Where is Bourbon whiskey made?

A

USA - Kentucky

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21
Q

What are some examples of Whiskey Liqueurs?

A

Drambuie
Glayva
Irish Mist

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22
Q

Where is Calvados AOP located?

A

Normandy, France (northern on the Atlantic Coast)

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23
Q

What is an Eau de Vie?

A

A category of French brandy made with a variety of fruits

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24
Q

What are two types of stills used to distill spirits?

A

Pot Still

Continuous Still

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25
Q

What are the three age designations for tequila?

A

Silver/Blanco
Reposado
Añejo

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26
Q

What is Mezcal made from?

A

The hearts of agave plants (piñas) that are cooked over fire pits giving them a smokey flavor.

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27
Q

What are some examples of a German Lager?

A

Bock
Doppelbock
Oktoberfest

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28
Q

What is beer traditionally made from?

A

Cereal grains and barley

Wheat, rice, corn, rye, and oats are also used in smaller amounts.

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29
Q

What does ‘Daiginjo’ mean in terms of Sake?

A

It is the highest quality grade of sake.

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30
Q

What is an example of a Ginger based liqueur/cordial?

A

Canton

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31
Q

What raw materials can be used to make spirits?

A

Grains (barley, corn, rye, rice).

Fruits (grapes, cherries, raspberries, apples, pears).

Other (plants, vegetables, sugar cane)

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32
Q

What two types of vessels can cider be fermented in?

A

Large wooden vats or stainless steel tanks.

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33
Q

How is Gin made?

A

A neutral distillate of fermented cereal grains (like vodka).

Spirit is them flavored with herbs, spices, roots, and other botanicals.

It is flavored and then re-distilled.

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34
Q

What % ABV are most sakes fermented to?

A

15%-22% ABV

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35
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Ginjo sake?

A

60% of the grain remains

40% of the grain is milled away

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36
Q

What are some of the common botanicals used to flavor gin?

A

The predominant flavor ingredient is juniper berries.

Lemon, lime, and bitter orange peel, anise, angelica root, orris root, licorice root, cinnamon, cassia bark, and many more.

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37
Q

What is ‘Brewer’s Alcohol’?

A

An added neutral distilled alcohol often used for cheap sake to increase yields.

Quality sake can have a small amount, but it is added to the final stages of brewing to increase richness/boost aroma.

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38
Q

The temperature and length of time a malt is dried in a kiln determines what?

A

Color, flavor, aroma, and style of beer.

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39
Q

What is Kaluah an example of?

A

A coffee based liqueur.

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40
Q

How is Cider made?

A

Similar to wine.

Apples are crushed/pressed into juice. Juice is then fermented into cider.

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41
Q

After the clear liquor leaves a still, it can go one of two paths. What are they?

A

Immediately bottled (clear).

Aged in oak (adding color, flavor, and texture) and is dependent on the length/time/char on the oak barrels used.

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42
Q

What does Añejo mean on a Tequila label?

A

The spirit was aged for 1-3 years in a cask.

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43
Q

What is an example of an Irish Ale?

A

Stout

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44
Q

What defines a Lager?

A

Bottom fermenting yeast.

Ferments slowly @ cool temperatures.

More subtle, crisp, clean flavors.

45
Q

How is Armagnac made?

A

Brandy distilled from grape-based wines (a local blend of white grapes).

One distillation in a continuous still.

Required a minimum of two years in French oak casks.

46
Q

What role do hops play in the beer making process?

A

Resin from the cone imports bitterness to balance the sweet, maltiness.

47
Q

What is Sake?

A

A fermented rice beverage.

48
Q

What is Cider?

A

100% fermented apple juice

49
Q

What states/regions is cider most often produced in North America?

A 
Pacific Northwest
Sonoma
Great Lakes
Finger Lakes
Quebec
New England
Hudson Valley
Virginia
50
Q

What would define an Irish whiskey?

A

A barley based whiskey made only in Ireland and has been aged for a minimum of three years in barrels.

Barley can be un-malted for a lighter style.

51
Q

What are the origins of Gin?

A

Dutch.

52
Q

What is the most important process used in making sake?

A

Rice milling/polishing

53
Q

What is Brandy?

A

A wine based spirit.

54
Q

What defines an Ale?

A

Top fermenting yeast.

Ferments quickly @ warmer temperatures.

Often fruitier aromas/flavors.

55
Q

Where is Armagnac located?

A

Southwest France in Gascony.

56
Q

What is the purpose of Milling/Polishing rice for sake?

A

The kernels are polished to get to the pure flavors at their core.

The degree of polishing determines quality grades.

Generally, the higher the rate of milling, the cleaner/more refined/fragrant the sake.

57
Q

What are the regulations for making Tennessee whiskey?

A

Must be made in Tennessee.

Must be made from a minimum of 51% corn and filtered through a bed of Tennessee sugar maple charcoal.

58
Q

What type of still is used for Mezcal?

A

Pot still or continuous still.

59
Q

What is an Apéritif?

A

A beverage served before a meal to stimulate appetite.

60
Q

Where did the production of Rum originate?

A

Caribbean in the 17th century.

61
Q

What does ‘Eaux de Vie’ translate to?

A

“Water of Life”

62
Q

What are some examples of classic British Ales?

A

Pale Ale
Indian Pale Ale
Porter

63
Q

What is an example of a Cream based Liqueur?

A

Baileys.

64
Q

What does ‘Honjozo’ mean in terms of Sake?

A

A small amount of alcohol is added at the end of fermentation, enhancing aroma and flavor.

65
Q

Where is Cognac AOP located?

A

Atlantic coast of France, south of the Loire and north of Bordeaux.

66
Q

What is the role of a Pot Still?

A

Provides slow, gentle distillation.

Flavor from base is retained in final spirit.

Used for richer, wood-aged spirits like cognac and scotch.

67
Q

What is the most traditional style of Mezcal?

A

Blanco.

There are barrel aged versions as well.

68
Q

What is the dominant flavor of Scotch and where do they come from?

A

The kilning (drying) of malted barley using peat. The smoke infuses with the grain.

69
Q

The popularity and best examples of Gin come from where?

A

Great Britain - London Dry.

70
Q

What are some examples of Anise based Liqueurs?

A

Anisette
Galliano
Ouzo
Sambuca

71
Q

What must be done to plan and vegetable based spirits before fermentation/distillation?

A

Starches must be turned into sugar first.

72
Q

What appellation is Tequila from?

A

The state of Jalisco, MExico.

73
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Honjozo sake?

A

70% of grain remains

30% of grain is milled away

74
Q

What is the process of distillation?

A

Alcoholic liquid >

Heated to boiling temp >
(alcohol @ 173°F)
(water @ 212°F)

Alcohol evaporates >

Vapor travels up still into condenser >

Liquid is cooled >

Vapor condenses >

New spirit!

75
Q

How many approximate sake breweries are there in Japan today?

A

1,400

76
Q

Cider is believed to have been brought by British to America when?

A

The 1600’s.

77
Q

How is Cognac made and from what grape?

A

Fermented grape based wines made from Ugni Blanc.

Distilled twice in copper pot stills.

Aged for a minimum of two years in French oak casks.

78
Q

Where is Vodka made?

A

Traditionally associated with Eastern Europe, however can be made anywhere in the world.

79
Q

What is Rum?

A

A stilled spirit produced from fermented sugarcane or molasses.

80
Q

Where is Mezcal from?

A

A protected appellation around Oaxaca, Mexico.

81
Q

What does ‘Junmai’ mean in terms of Sake?

A

Pure rice sake.

Can be used as a prefix to Ginjo/Daiginjo to indicates that no alcohol was added during production.

82
Q

What is the general process of making spirits?

A

Fermentation of raw materials.

Fermented beverage is distilled.

Distilled spirit is aged.

83
Q

What styles of cider are made in the New World?

A

Sweet to dry.

84
Q

What would define a Canadian whiskey?

A

Made of corn, wheat, rye, or barley and must be aged for a minimum of three years.

85
Q

What % of alcohol to most ciders typically have?

A

5%-8%

closer to beer

86
Q

What are some examples of a Belgian Ale?

A

Lambic

Wit or white bier

87
Q

What would define a light style of Rum?

A

Little to no aging, bottled straight from the still. If the rum is aged for a short amount of time, it is filtered to remove color.

88
Q

What is a classic example of a German Ale?

A

Hefeweizen

89
Q

What are some examples of Herb and Nut based Liqueurs?

A 
Bénédictine
B & B
Chartreuse
Crème de menthe 
Frangelico
90
Q

How many different types of sake rice are grown in Japan?

A

Over 50 types.

Only 8-10 are used for quality sake.

91
Q

What does Reposado mean on a Tequila label?

A

The spirit has been aged 60 days to one year in oak casks.

92
Q

What are the appellations within Scotland for Scotch whisky?

A 
Orkney Islands
Isle of Skye
Speyside
Lowlands
Isle of Islay
93
Q

What are the regulations for making Bourbon whiskey?

A

Must have 51% minimum corn and be aged in new, charred American white oak.

94
Q

What is a classic example of a Czech Lager?

A

Pilsner

95
Q

What temperature does alcohol boil at?

A

173°F

96
Q

How is Tequila distilled?

A

A pot still or in a continuous still.

97
Q

What does Silver/Blanco mean on a Tequila label?

A

The spirit was bottled immediately after distillation.

98
Q

What is Koji-Kin in terms of sake?

A

A fungus native to Asian countries that converts starches into sugar for fermentation.

99
Q

How long has cider been made?

A

For thousands of years.

100
Q

What is the difference between a Single Malt Scotch and a blended Scotch?

A

Single Malt = distilled from 100% malted barley in a pot still.

Blended = a blend of one or more single malts.

101
Q

What are the primary ingredients of Cider?

A

Apples
Yeast
Sugar

102
Q

What are the primary ingredients of sake?

A 
Water
Rice
Koji-Kin
Yeast
Added Neutral Distilled Alcohol
103
Q

How is Tequila made?

A

Produced from fermented juice of cooked pineapple of the heart of blue agave plants.

104
Q

Where is Scotch whisky produced?

A

The island of Scotland.

105
Q

What role does yeast play in the making of beer?

A

Fermentation.

Different yeasts = different aromas/flavors.

106
Q

What is ‘namazake’ sake?

A

Unpasteurized sake that requires refrigeration

107
Q

What are some examples of Fruit based Liqueurs?

A

Triple Sec, Cointreau, Grand Marnier (oranges)

Amaretto (apricot pit)

Southern Comfort (peaches)

108
Q

What must be done to the starches when making beer?

A

Starches must be converted to sugars so that fermentation can occur.

Intro Sommelier 2020 (27 decks)

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