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Intro Sommelier 2020 > Beer/Cider/Sake/Spirits > Flashcards

Beer/Cider/Sake/Spirits Flashcards

1
Q

What defines an Old World/European style cider?

A

Distinctive time-honored styles of cider reflecting the soil, weather, and culture of the region (terroir).

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2
Q

What is molasses?

A

A by-product of processing sugar cane into sugar.

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3
Q

How is Vodka made?

A

Traditionally a distillate of fermented cereal grains or potatoes.

It is distilled multiple times to achieve purity and neutrality most often in a continuous still.

It is a clear, un-aged spirit.

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4
Q

What is the role of a Continuous Still?

A

It continuously runs and is faster than a pot still.

Has potential to remove flavors/impurities creating a neutral spirit.

Used for most vodka/bourbons and large scale distillation.

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5
Q

What countries/regions is cider most often produced in Europe?

A 
England
Normandy
Brittany
Asturias
Basque
Germany
Austria
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6
Q

What is a Digestif?

A

A beverage served after a meal to help stimulate digestion.

Ex. bitters, amari, etc

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7
Q

What are Eaux de Vie de Fruits?

A

Brandies made with any fruit apart from grapes.

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8
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Junmai sake?

A

70% of grain remains

30% of grain is milled away

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9
Q

What is ‘nigori’ sake?

A

Milky, unfiltered sake, usually off-dry

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10
Q

What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Daiginjo sake?

A

50% maximum of grain remains

50% minimum of rice is milled away

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11
Q

What are the four sake quality grades (from lowest to highest)?

A

Junmai
Honjozo
Ginjo
Daiginjo

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12
Q

What are some examples of Eaux de Vie Fruits brandies?

A

Framboise — Raspberry
Kirsch — Cherry
Poire William — Pear

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13
Q

What does the type of yeast in making beer determine?

A

Whether the beer is an ale or lager.

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14
Q

What are the four main ingredients in Beer?

A

Water (85%)
Cereal Grain and Malt
Yeast
Hops

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15
Q

How is Calvados Eau de Vie made?

A

Distilled from fermented apples/pears.

Distilled twice in a copper pot still.
(Some areas use a continuous still).

Required minimum of two years aging in French oak casks.

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16
Q

Germination of grains produces what?

A

Enzymes that turn starches into sugar creating malt.

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17
Q

What happened to the quality grade of sake as the size of the grain decreases?

A

The quality grade increases.

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18
Q

What is an example of an Elderflower liqueur/cordial?

A

St. German

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19
Q

What is the origin of Sake?

A

Japan

2,500 years ago when rice-growing became prevalent.

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20
Q

Where is Bourbon whiskey made?

A

USA - Kentucky

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21
Q

What are some examples of Whiskey Liqueurs?

A

Drambuie
Glayva
Irish Mist

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22
Q

Where is Calvados AOP located?

A

Normandy, France (northern on the Atlantic Coast)

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23
Q

What is an Eau de Vie?

A

A category of French brandy made with a variety of fruits

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24
Q

What are two types of stills used to distill spirits?

A

Pot Still

Continuous Still

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25
What are the three age designations for tequila?
Silver/Blanco Reposado Añejo
26
What is Mezcal made from?
The hearts of agave plants (piñas) that are cooked over fire pits giving them a smokey flavor.
27
What are some examples of a German Lager?
Bock Doppelbock Oktoberfest
28
What is beer traditionally made from?
Cereal grains and barley Wheat, rice, corn, rye, and oats are also used in smaller amounts.
29
What does 'Daiginjo' mean in terms of Sake?
It is the highest quality grade of sake.
30
What is an example of a Ginger based liqueur/cordial?
Canton
31
What raw materials can be used to make spirits?
Grains (barley, corn, rye, rice). Fruits (grapes, cherries, raspberries, apples, pears). Other (plants, vegetables, sugar cane)
32
What two types of vessels can cider be fermented in?
Large wooden vats or stainless steel tanks.
33
How is Gin made?
A neutral distillate of fermented cereal grains (like vodka). Spirit is them flavored with herbs, spices, roots, and other botanicals. It is flavored and then re-distilled.
34
What % ABV are most sakes fermented to?
15%-22% ABV
35
What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Ginjo sake?
60% of the grain remains | 40% of the grain is milled away
36
What are some of the common botanicals used to flavor gin?
The predominant flavor ingredient is juniper berries. Lemon, lime, and bitter orange peel, anise, angelica root, orris root, licorice root, cinnamon, cassia bark, and many more.
37
What is 'Brewer's Alcohol'?
An added neutral distilled alcohol often used for cheap sake to increase yields. Quality sake can have a small amount, but it is added to the final stages of brewing to increase richness/boost aroma.
38
The temperature and length of time a malt is dried in a kiln determines what?
Color, flavor, aroma, and style of beer.
39
What is Kaluah an example of?
A coffee based liqueur.
40
How is Cider made?
Similar to wine. Apples are crushed/pressed into juice. Juice is then fermented into cider.
41
After the clear liquor leaves a still, it can go one of two paths. What are they?
Immediately bottled (clear). Aged in oak (adding color, flavor, and texture) and is dependent on the length/time/char on the oak barrels used.
42
What does Añejo mean on a Tequila label?
The spirit was aged for 1-3 years in a cask.
43
What is an example of an Irish Ale?
Stout
44
What defines a Lager?
Bottom fermenting yeast. Ferments slowly @ cool temperatures. More subtle, crisp, clean flavors.
45
How is Armagnac made?
Brandy distilled from grape-based wines (a local blend of white grapes). One distillation in a continuous still. Required a minimum of two years in French oak casks.
46
What role do hops play in the beer making process?
Resin from the cone imports bitterness to balance the sweet, maltiness.
47
What is Sake?
A fermented rice beverage.
48
What is Cider?
100% fermented apple juice
49
What states/regions is cider most often produced in North America?
``` Pacific Northwest Sonoma Great Lakes Finger Lakes Quebec New England Hudson Valley Virginia ```
50
What would define an Irish whiskey?
A barley based whiskey made only in Ireland and has been aged for a minimum of three years in barrels. Barley can be un-malted for a lighter style.
51
What are the origins of Gin?
Dutch.
52
What is the most important process used in making sake?
Rice milling/polishing
53
What is Brandy?
A wine based spirit.
54
What defines an Ale?
Top fermenting yeast. Ferments quickly @ warmer temperatures. Often fruitier aromas/flavors.
55
Where is Armagnac located?
Southwest France in Gascony.
56
What is the purpose of Milling/Polishing rice for sake?
The kernels are polished to get to the pure flavors at their core. The degree of polishing determines quality grades. Generally, the higher the rate of milling, the cleaner/more refined/fragrant the sake.
57
What are the regulations for making Tennessee whiskey?
Must be made in Tennessee. Must be made from a minimum of 51% corn and filtered through a bed of Tennessee sugar maple charcoal.
58
What type of still is used for Mezcal?
Pot still or continuous still.
59
What is an Apéritif?
A beverage served before a meal to stimulate appetite.
60
Where did the production of Rum originate?
Caribbean in the 17th century.
61
What does 'Eaux de Vie' translate to?
"Water of Life"
62
What are some examples of classic British Ales?
Pale Ale Indian Pale Ale Porter
63
What is an example of a Cream based Liqueur?
Baileys.
64
What does 'Honjozo' mean in terms of Sake?
A small amount of alcohol is added at the end of fermentation, enhancing aroma and flavor.
65
Where is Cognac AOP located?
Atlantic coast of France, south of the Loire and north of Bordeaux.
66
What is the role of a Pot Still?
Provides slow, gentle distillation. Flavor from base is retained in final spirit. Used for richer, wood-aged spirits like cognac and scotch.
67
What is the most traditional style of Mezcal?
Blanco. There are barrel aged versions as well.
68
What is the dominant flavor of Scotch and where do they come from?
The kilning (drying) of malted barley using peat. The smoke infuses with the grain.
69
The popularity and best examples of Gin come from where?
Great Britain - London Dry.
70
What are some examples of Anise based Liqueurs?
Anisette Galliano Ouzo Sambuca
71
What must be done to plan and vegetable based spirits before fermentation/distillation?
Starches must be turned into sugar first.
72
What appellation is Tequila from?
The state of Jalisco, MExico.
73
What % of grains remain/are milled away in a Honjozo sake?
70% of grain remains | 30% of grain is milled away
74
What is the process of distillation?
Alcoholic liquid > Heated to boiling temp > (alcohol @ 173°F) (water @ 212°F) Alcohol evaporates > Vapor travels up still into condenser > Liquid is cooled > Vapor condenses > New spirit!
75
How many approximate sake breweries are there in Japan today?
1,400
76
Cider is believed to have been brought by British to America when?
The 1600's.
77
How is Cognac made and from what grape?
Fermented grape based wines made from Ugni Blanc. Distilled twice in copper pot stills. Aged for a minimum of two years in French oak casks.
78
Where is Vodka made?
Traditionally associated with Eastern Europe, however can be made anywhere in the world.
79
What is Rum?
A stilled spirit produced from fermented sugarcane or molasses.
80
Where is Mezcal from?
A protected appellation around Oaxaca, Mexico.
81
What does 'Junmai' mean in terms of Sake?
Pure rice sake. Can be used as a prefix to Ginjo/Daiginjo to indicates that no alcohol was added during production.
82
What is the general process of making spirits?
Fermentation of raw materials. Fermented beverage is distilled. Distilled spirit is aged.
83
What styles of cider are made in the New World?
Sweet to dry.
84
What would define a Canadian whiskey?
Made of corn, wheat, rye, or barley and must be aged for a minimum of three years.
85
What % of alcohol to most ciders typically have?
5%-8% | closer to beer
86
What are some examples of a Belgian Ale?
Lambic | Wit or white bier
87
What would define a light style of Rum?
Little to no aging, bottled straight from the still. If the rum is aged for a short amount of time, it is filtered to remove color.
88
What is a classic example of a German Ale?
Hefeweizen
89
What are some examples of Herb and Nut based Liqueurs?
``` Bénédictine B & B Chartreuse Crème de menthe Frangelico ```
90
How many different types of sake rice are grown in Japan?
Over 50 types. | Only 8-10 are used for quality sake.
91
What does Reposado mean on a Tequila label?
The spirit has been aged 60 days to one year in oak casks.
92
What are the appellations within Scotland for Scotch whisky?
``` Orkney Islands Isle of Skye Speyside Lowlands Isle of Islay ```
93
What are the regulations for making Bourbon whiskey?
Must have 51% minimum corn and be aged in new, charred American white oak.
94
What is a classic example of a Czech Lager?
Pilsner
95
What temperature does alcohol boil at?
173°F
96
How is Tequila distilled?
A pot still or in a continuous still.
97
What does Silver/Blanco mean on a Tequila label?
The spirit was bottled immediately after distillation.
98
What is Koji-Kin in terms of sake?
A fungus native to Asian countries that converts starches into sugar for fermentation.
99
How long has cider been made?
For thousands of years.
100
What is the difference between a Single Malt Scotch and a blended Scotch?
Single Malt = distilled from 100% malted barley in a pot still. Blended = a blend of one or more single malts.
101
What are the primary ingredients of Cider?
Apples Yeast Sugar
102
What are the primary ingredients of sake?
``` Water Rice Koji-Kin Yeast Added Neutral Distilled Alcohol ```
103
How is Tequila made?
Produced from fermented juice of cooked pineapple of the heart of blue agave plants.
104
Where is Scotch whisky produced?
The island of Scotland.
105
What role does yeast play in the making of beer?
Fermentation. | Different yeasts = different aromas/flavors.
106
What is 'namazake' sake?
Unpasteurized sake that requires refrigeration
107
What are some examples of Fruit based Liqueurs?
Triple Sec, Cointreau, Grand Marnier (oranges) Amaretto (apricot pit) Southern Comfort (peaches)
108
What must be done to the starches when making beer?
Starches must be converted to sugars so that fermentation can occur.

Intro Sommelier 2020 (27 decks)

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