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Intro Sommelier 2020 > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

What are the rules of The Label Integrity Program in Australia?

A

Requires a minimum of 85% across the boards for grape variety, vintage, and stated region on the label.

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2
Q

During the recovery of phylloxera in Victoria, where did the focus shift in terms of wine production?

A

Fortified wines from warmer areas.

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3
Q

What are the main grape varietals/styles of wine made in Eden Valley?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay (white)
Shiraz (red)

  • Rieslings are vinified dry.
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4
Q

What are the important GI’s of New South Wales?

A

Hunter Valley - Hunter GI

Riverina GI

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5
Q

What are the important GI’s of Victoria?

A

Murray Darling
Rutherglen
Yarra Valley

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6
Q

What are the grapes/styles of wine made in Rutherglen?

A

Muscadelle (white)

Shiraz, Brown Muscat (red)

Still wines, fortified dessert wines called “stickies”

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7
Q

What is the climate of the Hunter GI?

A

Hot and humid (among the warmest in AU)

Moderated by wind/cooling effect of sea.

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8
Q

Where is Clare Valley located?

A

60 miles south of Adelaide.

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9
Q

What is unique about the soils in Coonawarra?

A

9 mile strip with Terra Rossa soil which is a red soil over limestone base.

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10
Q

What are the main grape varietals of Riverina GI?

A

(white)
Semillon
Chardonnay

(red)
Shiraz
Merlot

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11
Q

What is unique about the viticulture in Barossa Valley?

A

Extremely old vines.

Phylloxera has been prevented from reaching this area.

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12
Q

What is the climate in Eden Valley?

A

Cooler, higher elevation.

Elevation helps acidity in grapes.

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13
Q

What style of harvest do many Australian vineyards employ?

A

Mechanical harvesting.

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14
Q

What divides New South Wales (north to south) and separates the wet coastal regions from the interior?

A

The Great Dividing Range

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15
Q

Where is Victoria located?

A

Southeastern Australia

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16
Q

What is the topography of Hunter GI?

A

Gentle, flat river valley

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17
Q

Where is Murray-Darling located?

A

Northwestern Victoria, partially in New South Wales.

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18
Q

What are the two types of wineries that exist in Australia?

A

Artisanal/boutique

Industrial/commercial

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19
Q

Where is vine growing concentrated the most in Australia?

A

Cooler, coastal areas moderated by the Pacific/Indian Oceans and also in high-elevation areas.

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20
Q

What is considered one of the great unique wines of Australia?

A

Hunter Valley Semillon.

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21
Q

What style of wine is Murray-Darling important for?

A

Bulk table wine.

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22
Q

Where is Hunter GI (Hunter Valley) located?

A

North of Sydney.

New South Wales.

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23
Q

What are the grapes/styles of wine made in Yarra Valley?

A

Chardonnay (white)

Pinot Noir, Shiraz (red)

Still and sparkling wine production.

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24
Q

What are the main grape varietals of Barossa Valley?

A

Shiraz, Grenache, Cabernet Sauvignon (red)

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25
Q

What are the main grape varietals of Margaret River?

A

(white)
Chardonnay
Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc

(red)
Cabernet Sauvignon
Shiraz
Merlot

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26
Q

Where is Australia located?

A

In the South Pacific Ocean

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27
Q

How many states make up Australia?

A

6

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28
Q

Where is the important metropolis of South Australia?

A

Adelaide.

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29
Q

Despite being planted with mostly red grapes, what other wine is Clare Valley known for?

A

Riesling.

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30
Q

What is Australia’s relationship with technological development in viticulture?

A

Australia is a world leader due to a strongly innovative culture and dependance due to lack of labor.

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31
Q

Commercial viticulture was established along the souther part of Australia between what two years?

A

1820 and 1840.

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32
Q

What is the climate in Clare Valley?

A

Warm continental, hot days and cool nights.

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33
Q

What is the important GI of Western Australia?

A

Margaret River

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34
Q

What is the climate like in Coonawarra?

A

Cool, Mediterranean

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35
Q

Where in Australia did phylloxera hit the hardest?

A

Victoria

36
Q

What type of soil is in Australia?

A

Ancient, eroded, nutrient poor.

Great diversity.

37
Q

What is the climate in Riverina GI?

A

Hot and very humid.

38
Q

Where do a majority of Australia’s wine regions exist?

A

Southeastern part in temperate latitudes near major cities.

39
Q

What is the importance of large-scale blending in Australia?

A

Vineyards and wineries in Australia are often widely separated.

Grapes are frequently trucked hundreds of miles to a winery for vinification.

The objective is to attain consistent flavors from year to year.

40
Q

What is the important metropolis of Victoria, Australia?

A

Melbourne.

41
Q

Where is Riverina GI located?

A

Far inland on western side of Great Dividing Range ub fertile river lands.

New South Wales.

42
Q

What are similar to the Geographical Indications (GI)’s of Australia?

A

The AVA’s of the USA.

43
Q

What affect does the warm, dry climate have on the grapes grown in Australia?

A

Very ripe grapes.

Difficult to maintain acidity to balance the wines.

44
Q

What is the climate in Victoria?

A

Broad range from cool, coastal maritime to continental. Can be very hot the further away from the ocean.

45
Q

What process is employed to counterbalance the effects of Australia’s warm climate?

A

Acidification.

46
Q

What two oceans act as moderators for Australia?

A

Pacific and Indian.

47
Q

What style(s) of wine is Riverina known for?

A

Bulk table wine, fortified wines, and botrytis-affected dessert wines.

48
Q

What is the climate like in Rutherglen?

A

Continental with very hot summers.

49
Q

What styles of wines are produced in Victoria?

A

Sparkling
Still
Fortified
Dessert

50
Q

When are grapes in Australia harvested and why?

A

Grapes are picked at night to preserve freshness and acidity.

51
Q

What type of packaging/closures is Australia known for?

A

Any type of alternative packaging.

Bag-in-box, screw caps, crown caps, etc.

52
Q

What is the climate of Yarra Valley?

A

Cool, humid, maritime, moderated by ocean.

53
Q

What are the main grape varietals of Clare Valley?

A

Riesling (white)

Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon (red)

  • Mostly dry wine production
54
Q

What is the climate in New South Wales?

A

Cooler, wetter near the coast.

Dry and arid inland.

55
Q

What style of oak aging is used in Australia?

A

Traditionally, American Oak.

Use of French barriques is increasingly common.

56
Q

Where is Margaret River located?

A

Western Australia

57
Q

What grape is planted in Coonawarra?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon.

58
Q

What is the main grape varietal of Hunter GI?

A

Semillon

59
Q

What makes up 60% of Hunter GI’s wine production?

A

White wine.

60
Q

What are the 6 states of Australia (excluding Tasmania)?

A 
Western Australia
Northern Territory
Queensland
South Australia
New South Wales
Victoria
61
Q

What percentage does Riverina represent in terms of Australia’s wine production?

A

25%

62
Q

In Australia, what is in relatively short supply?

A

Labor.

63
Q

Where/when were the first vineyards of Australia planted?

A

New South Wales in late 18th century.

64
Q

What is necessary for many regions, especially the Outback, to become hospitable for vine growing?

A

Irrigation.

65
Q

What is the climate of Australia?

A

Hot, desert interior.
The world’s driest inhabited continent.
Climate is generally inhospitable to viticulture.

66
Q

What is the climate in South Australia?

A

Warm, dry, Mediterranean moderated by cool, ocean breezes.

Cooler climates @ higher elevations.

67
Q

What other country is comparable in size to Australia?

A

USA

68
Q

What is the largest wine region in Australia?

A

Riverina GI (New South Wales)

69
Q

What is the climate of Margaret River?

A

Warm, maritime.

Moderated by Indian Ocean.

70
Q

Where is Coonawarra located?

A

Southern tip, near the sea, of South Australia.

71
Q

At what elevation are most of Clare Valley’s vineyards located?

A

1,300-1,800 feet.

72
Q

What are the GI categories of Australia from largest to smallest?

A 
Country Australia
Southeastern Australia
State of Origin
Zones
Regions
Sub-Regions
73
Q

What is an example of a famous Australian wine that is made with large-scale blending?

A

Penfolds “Grange”

74
Q

What are the important GI’s of South Australia?

A 
Clare Valley
Barossa Valley
Eden Valley
McLaren Vale
Coonawarra
75
Q

When did fine wine gain prominence via temperature controlled fermenters in Australia?

A

1950’s.

76
Q

An emphasis on what has created a tendency to produce very clean, fruit driven wines in Australia?

A

Technical precision.

77
Q

What are the main grape varietals of Australia?

A 
(white)
Chardonnay 
Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Riesling
(red)
Shiraz
Cabernet Sauvignon
MerlotGrenache
Pinot Noir
78
Q

What are the main grape varietals of McLaren Vale?

A

Shiraz, Grenache (red)

79
Q

What is the largest, most premium wine region of South Australia?

A

Barossa Valley

80
Q

What are “stickies”?

A

Fortified dessert wines known locally in Rutherglen (Victoria).

81
Q

How would you describe Southeastern Australia?

A

A massive geographic area comprising of 5 states.

82
Q

Where is New South Wales located?

A

Eastern Australia near Sydney.

83
Q

What is the main metropolis of Margaret River?

A

Perth

84
Q

What is the orientation of vineyards in McLaren Vale?

A

Vineyards slope down toward the sea to maximize exposure to cool breezes.

85
Q

What stye/grape from Rutherglen is considered one of the world’s great sweet wines?

A

Muscat.

Intro Sommelier 2020 (27 decks)

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