Normal Law Flight Protections

Question 1

What are the load factor protection values?

Answer 1

Clean: -1g to 2.5g
Conf 1-full: 0g to 2g

Question 2

What are the pitch attitude protection values?

Answer 2

Conf 0-3: 30degrees up, to 15degrees down
Conf full: 25degrees up, to 15degrees down

Question 3

In pitch, when will the FD bars disappear and reappear?

Answer 3

Disappear above 25degrees up and 13degrees down.
Return when pitch angle returns to 22degrees up - 10degrees down.

Question 4

Describe what happens during high AoA protection activation from first raising nose to recovery.

Answer 4

A/C will maintain aPROT (top of orange and black barber pole). With added crew input, it will go to a max of aMAX. When high AOA prot is activated, normal law demand is modified to AOA demand.
Has priority over all other protections.
Between aPROT and aMAX, aFLOOR proc may automatically set TOGA.

Question 4

If the sidestick is released at aMAX, what happens?

Answer 4

AOA returns to aPROT

Question 5

With AOA protection, when will the AP disconnect, and when will aFLOOR activate?

Answer 5

AP disconnects at aPROT + 1degree
aFLOOR activates when AOA exceeds aFLOOR threshold (between aPROT and aMAX)

Question 6

What does high AOA protection give protection against?

Answer 6

Stalling and wind shear

Question 7

What is aFLOOR and when does it activate?

Answer 7

aFLOOR is a flight envelope function of the auto thrust, it automatically applies TOGA (regardless of TLA) when AOA exceeds aFLOOR threshold (between aPROT and aMAX). It is avail from lift-off to 100ft RA on appr.

Question 8

How do you recover control of the thrust if aFLOOR activates?

Answer 8

Older a/c: disconnect autothrust
Newer a/c: If A/THR was active before aFLOOR, thrust reverts to A/THR mode corresponding to AP/FD
If A/THR was not active before aFLOOR, reverts to MAN THR.

Question 9

What happens if you hold in the instinctive disconnect PB on the thrust levers more than 15secs?

Answer 9

Disengage A/THR for remainder of flight. aFLOOR not avail.

Question 10

Is aFLOOR avail in ALT law?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

How does the High Speed Protection work?

Answer 11

As speed increases above VMO/MMO, side stick nose-down authority is progressively reduced, and a permanent nose-up order applied.

Question 12

What happens to the other flight controls throughout High Speed Protection activation?

Answer 12

Positive spiral static stability introduced to 0degree bank angle (instead of normal 33degrees in NORM law).
Bank angle limit reduced from 67degrees to 40degrees.
A319 and A321: pitch trim frozen
A320: THS setting limited between last setting and 11degrees up.

Question 13

What is the Load Alleviation Function?

Answer 13

Automatic function in NORM law, clean config. Loads across wing by alleviated by deflection of 2 ailerons, or 2 ailerons and spoilers 4 and 5.

Question 14

Centering the Beta target when OEI provides what?

Answer 14

Minimum drag and best climb performance

Question 15

How does bank angle protection work?

Answer 15

NORM law bank angle limited to 67degrees.
System maintains positive spiral static stability for bank angles above 33degrees, if sidestick released when greater, bank will return to 33degrees.

Question 16

In roll, how is level flight maintained from wings level to max bank angle?

Answer 16

< 33degrees turn in level flight, autotrim will maintain level attitude.
> 33degrees back pressure required to maintain level turn.
> 45degrees AP d/c and FD bars disappear (return when <40degrees)

Question 17

What is the max bank angle in NORM law?

Answer 17

67degrees

Question 18

What happens if at max bank angle, the sidestick is released?

Answer 18

Returns to 33degrees

Question 19

Is there a relationship between bank angle protection and any other protections?

Answer 19

If high AOA protection is active, with full lat deflection, bank angle will not exceed 45degrees.
If High Speed Prot active, with full lat deflection, bank will not exceed 40degrees and will return to 0degrees if stick released.

Question 20

What is the low energy warning?

Answer 20

Avail in NORM law in conf 2/3/full, above 100ft RA and below 2000ft RA. “SPEED SPEED SPEED” every 5s to warn crew (before aFLOOR) that energy level going below a threshold under which crew need to increase thrust.

Question 21

When is low energy warning inhibited?

Answer 21

1. TOGA selected
2. Below 100ft RA
3. Above 2000ft RA
4. aFLOOR
5. EGPWS alert
6. Dual RA fault
7. ALT/DIRECT Law

Question 22

What is aLOCK and when will it activate?

Answer 22

Inhibits slat retraction at high AOA and low speeds.
When flaps lever set to zero, aLOCK activates if: AOA>8.5degrees, OR speed<148kts.
Once active, slats retract to zero when: AOA<7.6 AND speed>154kts.