Non Protein Basis Of Life Flashcards
Most abundant form of organic matter
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates roles
1- Energy (storage and immediate)
2- Metabolic intermediate
3- Structural component if DNA/RNA
4- Structural component of cell wall bacteria/plant
5- Glycoproteins/Glycolipids
Most sugar formula
(CH2O)n
What makes sugars water soluble?
Hydroxyl group
Carbonyl group at an internal position
Ketose
Carbonyl is located at one end
Aldose
C6H12O6
Glucose or Galactose or Mannose
-(isomers: differ in spatial arrangement)
Sugars with more than 5 carbons
Self-react to produce a ring-containg molecule
Anomeric carbon
Carbon derived from the carbonyl of ketone or aldehyde of the open chain
Ring with 5 carbons and 1 oxygen
Pyranose
Asymmetric carbon in pyranose that make glucopyranose
C1
Alpha-pyranose
OH on C1 is below the plane of ring
Beta-glucopyranose
OH upward, above the plane of ring
Monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds
Glycosidic bonds
Glycosidic bond within two———
Hydroxyl groups of monosaccharides
Alpha-glycosidic bond
Form U
Betta-glycosidic bond
Forms zigzag bond
Maltose
Alpha-D-glycose + Betta-D-glucose
Alpha(1->4)
Cellubiose
Betta-D-glucose + Alpha-D-glucose
Betta(1->4)
Sucrose
Glucose-alpha(1->2)-Fructose
Lactose
Galactose-betta(1->4)-glucose
O-glycosidic bind
Anomeric carbon + hydroxyl
N-glycosidc bond
Anomeric carbon + Nitrogen
Polysaccharide
1- long chain polymers that are not informational molecules
2- consist of single kind OR alternating pattern of two
Polysaccharide functions
1- Storage - starch
2- Structural - cellulose
3- Signaling - oligosaccharides
Monosaccharides have multiple OH groups that can participate in glycosidic bonds
Memorize :)
Storage polysaccharide
1- Starch: in plant cell
- Amylose
- Amylopectin
2- Glycogen: in animals’ liver and muscle tissues
Amylose
linear with alpha(1-4)
Amylopectin
Not linear with alpha(1-4) + alpha(1-6)
- branch every 25th glucose
- side chain of 20-25 glucose