Intro To Cell Biology

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

-The basic microscopic unit of all living beings
-Cell produces energy and use it to build necessary substances

Question 2

Cell Theory

Answer 2

1-All organisms: one or more cells
2-Cell is structural unit of life
3-Cells arise only by division from a pre-existing cell

Question 3

Cell

Answer 3

Smallest unit to exhibit life

Question 4

Cells from different species

Answer 4

Share Similar structure, composition, and metabolic features have been conserved throughout evolution

Question 5

Genetic matter

Answer 5

1- Information is packaged into a set of chromosomes
2-Genes store information
3- All cells contain identical copies of DNA

Question 6

Cellular Reproduction

Answer 6

Reproduce by division, a process which the contents of mother cell are distributed into two daughter cells

Question 7

Energy

Answer 7

Photosynthesis provides fuel
Energy is product of photosynthesis mainly in form of glucose
Glucose convert to ATP -> readily available energy

Question 8

Sum total of the chemical reactions

Answer 8

Cell’s metabolism

Question 9

Cell’s activity

Answer 9

1- Transport Materials
2- Assemble and disassemble structures
3- Move itself
For example: Motor protein

Question 10

Cell respond to stimuli

Answer 10

Receptors interact with substances in the environment
Cell respond by:
1- Altering the metabolism
2- Moving from one place to other
3- Committing suicide

Question 11

Self Regulation

Answer 11

Feedback circuits serve to return the cell to appropriate state

Question 12

Cellular factors function

Answer 12

Spontaneous by DNA genome program

Question 13

Evolution

Answer 13

All living organisms evolved from a single, common ancestral cell named LUCA
not the first life on earth but first that still have living descendants

Question 14

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic similarities

Answer 14

1- Identical genetic language
2- Common metabolic pathways
3- Common structural features

Question 15

What limits the size of a cell?

Answer 15

1- Maintain adequate local concentrations
2- Adequate surface area relative to volume
3- Rates at which molecules can diffuse

Question 16

Surface area is important why?

Answer 16

Exchange between the cell and its surroundings take place there

Question 17

Cell volume is important why?

Answer 17

Amount of exchange that is needed

Question 18

Model organisms compartment

Answer 18

1- Simple organisms
2- Fast generation time
3- Large numbers of offspring
4- Easy to manipulate
5- Inexpensive to breed

Question 19

How prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell are distinguished?

Answer 19

By their:
1- Size
2- Organelles they contain

Question 20

Hypothesis

Answer 20

Statement consistent with most of the data

Question 21

Theory

Answer 21

Hypothesis that has been extensively tested

Question 22

Law

Answer 22

Theory that has been tested and confirmed over a long time period and no doubt of its validity

Question 23

Virus

Answer 23

An infectious agent that can only replicate inside a living cell

Question 24

Virus compartment

Answer 24

Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) enclosed in protein coat