Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Mbb231 > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

Specific molecules and ions

A

Need to overcome selective permeability barrier
To moved in/out of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dynamic steady state

A

Maintain an internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Passive transport

A

-Down concentration gradient
-No energy expended
-Transport protein may need/or not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Active Transport

A

-Against concentration gradient
-Requires ATP
-Transport proteins(Pumps) are required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Simple diffusion

A

-Membrane permeability
-Favorable gradient conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Permeability is determined by

A

1-Molecular size
2-Partition coefficient/polarity
3-Charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Concentration gradient

A

Move down concentration gradient
(Increase entropy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Electric Potential Gradient

A

Move toward compartment with the net opposite charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Thermodynamically favourable for charged molecules

A

Determined by electrochemical gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Thermodynamically favorable for no net charge

A

Determine by concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Simple diffusion is possible for:

A

-gases
-nonpolar molecules
-Small polar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diffusion moves solute toward

A

Equilibrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Passive/simple diffusion

A

Unassisted movement
Down concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In capillaries of body tissues

A

Low o2
High co2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In capillaries of body tissues

A

O2 is released from hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In capillaries of lungs

A

High O2
Low CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In capillaries of lungs

A

O2 diffuses inward
Bind hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Osmosis in plants

A

Plants are hypertonic compared to fluid environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Plants in hypertonic solutions

A

Undergoes plasmolysis
Plant loses support and wilts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Thermodynamically simple diffusion is

A

Exergonic process
No energy required

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Inward flux of solute and concentration gradient of solute

A

Simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Facilitated transport

A

Requires protein:
-carriers
-channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Carriers

A

Transporter alternate between two conformation
-Transport in either direction based on concentration gradient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Channels

A

Water-filled pore
-specific ions and small molecules diffuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Channel proteins

A

Form hydrophilic channels through membrane
Allow passage of solutes without conformational change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Carrier Proteins

A

Bind one or more solute molecules
Undergoes conformational change

28
Q

Channel proteins

A

Hydrophilic transmembrane channels

29
Q

Channel proteins

A

1- Ion channels
2- porins
3- Aquaporins

30
Q

Ion channels

A

-Highly-specific channel
-Bidirectional
-flow determine by electrochemical gradient
-Most channels are gated

31
Q

Porins

A

-Hydrophilic solutes
-size limit Determined by pore size
-Low specificity
-Polar side chains inside
-Nonpolar side chains point outside

32
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water flows with rate if several billion per second

33
Q

Most ion channels are

A

Selective for specific ion

34
Q

Most ion channels are

A

-Gated — specific stimulus trigger
-No need to undergo conformational changes with each ion it passes

35
Q

Gated channels

A

-Voltage gated
-Mechanically gated
-ligand gated (intracellular or extracellular)

36
Q

Channel positions

A

Open
Close
Inactive

37
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water flows through at a rate of several billion per second

38
Q

Carrier proteins

A

1- specific target molecule
2- activity regulated
3- exhibit saturation kinetic (V max)

39
Q

Uniporter

A

Transport a single solute

40
Q

Symporter

A

Two solutes in same direction

41
Q

Antiporter

A

Two solutes in opposite direction

42
Q

Coupled transport

A

Symport or antiport

43
Q

Glucose uniport carrier protein

A

Glucose transporter GLUT1
-found in all mammalian plasma membrane
-uses atp

44
Q

Antiport carrier protein example

A

Chloride-Bicarbonate Exchanger (1:1)
—aka anion exchange protein

45
Q

Electrochemical gradient/potential

A

Concentration gradient and electrical gradient

46
Q

Active transport

A

-Move solutes up a concentration gradient
-Away from equilibrium
-Couple endergonic transport to exergonic

47
Q

Membrane proteins in active transport

A

Pumps

48
Q

Active transport direction

A

Has intrinsic direction

49
Q

Active transport three important cellular functions

A

1-Uptake if essential nutrients
2- Removal of waste
3-Maintenance non equilibrium concentration ions

50
Q

Primary active transport

A

Coupled directly to an exergonic chemical rxn (ex. ATP hydrolysis)

51
Q

Indirect(secondary) active transport

A

Endergonic is coupled to exergonic
-may pumped uphill by primary active transport

52
Q

Endergonic

A

Against concentration gradient

53
Q

Exergonic

A

Down a concentration gradient

54
Q

Difference of primary vs secondary

A

Source of energy

55
Q

Primary active transport

A

ATPases harness energy of ATP HYDROLYSIS to move ions

56
Q

P-type ATPases

A

Reversibly phosphorylated by ATP on specific aspartic acid residue

57
Q

Sub families of p-type ATPases

A

Most found on plasma membranes
-p1 in all organisms
-p2-5 only in eukaryotes
-p4 transport lipid (act as flippase)

58
Q

2/3 of energy consumed by beain is used to ———

A

Maintain Na/K ATPase required for transmission of nerve impulses

59
Q

V-type ATPase

A

Pump proton into organelles
Only in eukaryotic

60
Q

F-type ATPase

A

Transport protons in bacteria, mitochondria, chloroplasts
-can work in both direction:
——endergonic —hydrolysis ATP
——exergonic—synthesize ATP

61
Q

Reversible function of ATPases illustrates

A

ATP can be used as energy source to generate ion gradient
Or
Ion gradient can be used an energy source to synthesize ATP

62
Q

MDR (multi-drug-resistant) transporter (ABC-type)

A

ABC transporter pump antibiotic or drug out of cell
-Transport wide range of chemically dissimilar drugs

63
Q

Indirect Active transport

A

Not powered by ATP
-powered by potential energy stored in ionic gradient

64
Q

Get glucose from digestive system into body

A

Na/Glucose symporter
Glucose transporter
Work together

65
Q

Does indirect transport relies on ATP

A

Yes
Because the conc. Gradient is generated by ATPase pump

Mbb231 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions