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Hematology I & II > Non-malignant Disorders of Granulocytes & Monocytes > Flashcards

Non-malignant Disorders of Granulocytes & Monocytes Flashcards

1
Q

It is the increase of leukocytes specifically neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

A

Leukocytosis

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2
Q

Which leukocytes is the most common or frequent?

A

Neutrophils

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3
Q

Leukocytosis
Increase movement of immature cells out of ________.

A

the bone marrow’s proliferative compartment

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4
Q

Leukocytosis
Increase cell mobilization of BM’s maturation storage compartment to _____.

A

peripheral blood

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5
Q

Leukocytosis
Increase mature cells movement
from _______ to ______.

A

from marginating pool to circulating pool

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6
Q

Leukocytosis
Decrease mature cells movement from _____ to _____.

A

from circulation to tissues

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7
Q
  1. Increase neutrophils
  2. Increase esopniphils
  3. Increase basophils
  4. Increase monocytes
A
  1. Neutrophilia
  2. Eosinophilia
  3. Basophilia
  4. Monocytosis
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8
Q

Leukocytosis

Type found in leukemia and non-malignant conditions. Most commonly found in bacterial cinfection.

A

Neutrophilia

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9
Q

Leukocytosis

Observed in active allergies (asthma, Hay fever), dermatodes, parasitic and non-parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophilia

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10
Q

Leukocytosis

Parasitic or Non-parasitic:
index of host reaction

A

parasitic infetcion

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11
Q

Leukocytosis

abnormal morphologies,
vacuolization and degranulation, are present

A

Eosinophilia

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12
Q

Leukocytosis

Charcot-Leyden crystals are present

A

Eosinophilia

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13
Q

Leukocytosis

True or False:
Protozoan infections indicate eosinophilia.

A

False

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14
Q

Leukocytosis

Not affected by factors (age, time, physial activities).
But caused by the following:

  • small pox & chicken pox
  • ulcerative colitis
  • hyperlipedemia
  • polycythemia vera
A

Basophilia

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15
Q

Leukocytosis

What is the numeral index for baosphilia?

A

x > 0.075 x 109/L

or more than 0.075 x 109/L

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16
Q

Leukocytosis

It is caused by unknown origin fever
and inflammatory bowel disease.

A

Monocytosis

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17
Q

Leukocytosis

It is caused by rheumatoid arthritis and hemolytic anemia.

A

Monocytosis

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18
Q

Leukocytopenia

What major leukocyte type is found in leukocytopenia?

A

Segmented neutrophils

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19
Q
  1. Decrease neutrophils
  2. Decrease eosinophils
  3. Decrease basophils
  4. Decrease monocytes
A
  1. Neutropenia
  2. Eosinopenia
  3. Basopenia
  4. Monocytopenia
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20
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is caused by underproduction of cells (BM injury).

A

Neutropenia

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21
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is caused by nutritional deficiencies such as starvation and anorexia nervosa.

A

Neutropenia

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22
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is associated with increase destruction or utilization of cells.

A

Neutropenia

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23
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is caused by spleen entrapment and cyclic neutropenia.

A

Neutropenia

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24
Q

Leukocytopenia

Its rare congenital disorders are:

  • Congenital agranulocytosis of Kostmann type
  • Myelokathexis
  • Type IB glycogen storage disorder
  • Transcobalamin II deficiency
A

Neutropenia

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25
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is the release inability of mature granulocytes into blood.

A

Myelokathexis

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26
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is caused by glucocorticosteroid hormone and viral inflammation.

A

Eosinopenia

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27
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is caused by corticotropin and progesterone hormones.

A

Basopenia

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28
Q

Leukocytopenia

It is associated with ovulation and thyrotoxicosis.

A

Basopenia

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29
Q

Leukocytopenia

There are NO known causes.

A

Monocytopenia

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30
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Which type shows band and segmented neutrophils with prominent drak [fine/heavy] granulation.

A

Toxic Granulation

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31
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

The azurophilic granules are (+) peroxidase.

A

Toxic Granulation

32
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

They are present in RNA precipitates due to metabolic toxicity.

A

Toxic Granulation

33
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

They are seen in singles/multiples with light blue inclusions on Wright stained blood smears.

A

Dohle Bodies

34
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

They are rough ER aggregates.

A

Dohle Bodies

35
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Dohle Bodies: ______
(is similar to what morphological abnormality)

A

May-Hegglin Anomaly

36
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It most frequently seen in segmented neutrophils with more than 5 lobes.

A

Hypersegmentation

37
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It is associated with vitamin B12 or folic acid deficiencies.

A

Hypersegmentation

38
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

old segmented neutrophils

A

pseudohypersegmentation

39
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Its genetically acquired and autosomal dominant charecteristics produce hyposegmentation.

A

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

40
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

has dumbbell/pair of eyeglasses nuclues

A

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

41
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

has heavy chromatin clumping

A

Pelger-Huet Anomaly

42
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It has presence of Dohle body-like inclusions.

A

May-Hegglin Anomaly

43
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It has abnormally large and poorly granulated platelets and thrombocytopenia.

A

May-Hegglin Anomaly

44
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

has abnormal bleeding tendencies

A

May-Hegglin Anomaly

45
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It has gigantic and (+) peroxidase deposits associated with abnormal lysosomal development.

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

46
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Its neutrophils display imapired chemotaxis and delayed killing of ingested bacteria.

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

47
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Neutrophils become inefficient as bacteriocidal cells.

A

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

48
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

The purple-red particles indicate mucopolysaccharides precipitation.

A

Alder-Reilly Inclusions

49
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It resembles very coarse toxic granulation.
It can seen in genetic mocupolysaccharides:

  • Hurler Syndrome
  • Hunter Syndrome
  • Maroteaux-Lamy Syndrome
A

Alder-Reilly Inclusions

50
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

They are small and Gr (-) bacteria that invade leukocyes.

A

Ehrlichia

51
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Give the species associated with Ehrlichia.

A
  • Ehrlichia chaffeensis
  • Ehrlichia ewingii
  • bacterium identical to E. phagocytophila
52
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

caused by E. chaffeensis and transmitted by Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick)

A

Human ehrlichiosis

53
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

It is the 2nd recognized ehrlichial infection.
It is transmitted by:

  • Ixodes scapularis (black-legged tick)
  • Ixodes pacificus (wastern black-legged tick)
A

Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis

54
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

In Ehrlichia, leukocytes divide to form _____.

A

morulae

55
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

vacuole-bound colonies

A

morulae

56
Q

Mature Granulocytes’ Morphological Abnormalities

Histoplasma capsulatum, an intracellular fungi, is observed.

A

abnormalities of mature granulocytes in body fluids

57
Q

Qualitative disorders include what defects?

A
  • defects in locomotion and chemotaxis
  • defects in microbicidal activity
58
Q

Qualitative Disorders

locomotion & chemotaxis defect or microbicidal acitvity:

Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome

A

locomotion & chemotaxis defect

59
Q

Qualitative Disorders

locomotion & chemotaxis defect or microbicidal acitvity:
Increase IgE (Job Syndrome)
A

locomotion & chemotaxis defect

60
Q

Qualitative Disorders

locomotion & chemotaxis defect or microbicidal acitvity:

neutrophils and monocytes possess oxidase systems of killing ingested microorganisms in phagocytosis

A

microbicidal acitvity defect

61
Q

Qualitative Disorders

rare and most serious disorder related to a defect in microbicidal activity

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

62
Q

Qualitative Disorders

group of genetic disorders in which neutrophils and monocyes ingest but cannot kill catalase (+) microorganisms

A

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

63
Q

Qualitative Disorders

How can abnormal oxidase activity be detected?

A

Negative Nitroblue Tetrazolium screening test

64
Q

Qualitative Disorders

“Alias-Grignaschi anomaly”

A

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

65
Q

Qualitative Disorders

absence of MPO enzyme

A

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

66
Q

Qualitative Disorders

enzyme that mediates oxidative destruction of microbes

A

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme

67
Q

Qualitative Disorders

True or False:

Lack of MPO leads to microbicidal defect in phagocytes

A

True

68
Q

Qualitative Disorders

Specific granules are reduced in quantity and almost devoid of lactoferrin.

A

Lactoferrin Deficiency

69
Q

Qualitative Disorders

Deficiency that leads to pyogenic infections

A

Lactoferrin Deficiency

70
Q

Qualitative Disorders

It is associated with unresponsiveness to chemotactic signals and exhibits diminished adhesiveness.

A

Lactoferrin Deficiency

71
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

A disease where beta-glucocerebrosidase is deficient.

A

Gaucher Disease

72
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

It is an ezyme that splits glucose from glucosylceramide.

A

beta-glucocerebrosidase

73
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

cerebroside accumulates in histiocytes

A

Gaucher Disease or
beta-glucocerebrosidase deficiency

74
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

wrinkled cytoplasm cell found in:

  • BM
  • spleen
  • other reticuloendothelial organs
A

Gaucher cells

75
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

The enzyme that cleaves phosphoryl choline from its parent sphingolipid and sphingomyelin is deficient.

A

Niemann-Pick Disease

76
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

True or False:

Sphingolipid accumulates in tissues

A

False

*It is the sphingomyelin that accumulates in tissues.

77
Q

Monocyte-Macrophage Disorders

It is a cell that has a foamy cytoplasm.

A

Pick cell

Hematology I & II (9 decks)

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