_Differential WBC Count_ Determine the following dyes/solutions: 1. Fixative: _________ 2. Acidic dye: _______ 3. Basic dye: ________ 4. Buffer sol'n: _______

1. Fixative: methanol 2. Acidic dye: eosin 3. Basic dye: methylene blue 4. Buffer sol'n: aged distilled water

_Hemacytometer_ Give the following measurements: 1. primary square: 2. secondary square:

1. primary square: 3x3 mm 2. secondary square: 1x1 mm

Hematology I Lab Comprehensive Flashcards by Angela Divino

What is the test to determine the percentage of each type of WBC in the peripheral blood?

Differential White Blood Cell Count

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Differential WBC Count

What is the order of staining for Staining Jar method?
*Staining Jar method a.k.a Dip method

fixative
acidic dye
basic dye
aged distilled water

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the following dyes/solutions:

Fixative: _________
Acidic dye: _______
Basic dye: ________
Buffer sol’n: _______

Fixative: methanol
Acidic dye: eosin
Basic dye: methylene blue
Buffer sol’n: aged distilled water

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the method:

Two-field

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the method:

Exaggerated Battlement

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the method:

Four-field Meander

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the method:

Strip Differential

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the staining method:
blood smear on a rack positioned on a dish

Staining Dish Method

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
methylene blue or its oxidative product (azure B)

Romanowsky stains

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
dyes produce multiple colors; polychromatic

Romanowsky stains

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
A Romanowsky stain which is the most satisfactory in hema studies

Wright’s stain

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
A Romanowsky stain emphasizing on inclusion bodies and intracellular parasites

Giemsa stain

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
A Romanowsky stain that oxidize methylene blue

Leishman, Jenner & May-Grunwald

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Differential WBC Count

Determine the type of stain:
Romanowsky stain + another dye

Panoptic stains

Wright’s-Giemsa
Jenner-Giemsa
May-Grunwald-Giemsa

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counts cellular elements of the blood (RBC, WBC, platelets)

Hemacytometer

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Hemacytometer

Determine the counting chamber:

heavy colorless glass
3 parallel platforms separated by moats

Improved Neubauer Counting Chamber

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Hemacytometer

True or False:
Only 1 of the central platform’s halves has improved Neubauer ruling

False

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Hemacytometer

Give the following measurements:

primary square:
secondary square:

primary square: 3x3 mm
secondary square: 1x1 mm

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Hemacytometer

WBC count is done where?

4 corner secondary squares

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Hemacytometer

RBCs are counted on?

5 tertiary squares (central secondary square)

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Hemacytometer

It is similar to Improved Neubauer except central secondary platform is divided into 16 tertiary squares

Neubauer Counting Chamber

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Hemacytometer

used for low cell counting:

eosinophil count
spinal fluid count
leukopenic blood count

Fuchs-Rosenthal Counting Chamber

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Hemacytometer

larger than Neubauer counting chamber
rules area: 4x4 mm

Fuchs-Rosenthal Counting Chamber

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Hemacytometer

consists of 4 sections
(2 on each side of the chamber)

Speirs-Levy Counting Chamber

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**_Hemacytometer_** each ruled area consists of 10 squares \*total area: 10 mm²

Speirs-Levy Counting Chamber

**_Hemacytometer_** squares are arranged in 2 horizontal rows of 5 squares

Speirs-Levy Counting Chamber

calibrated pipetted with a red bead inside the mixing chamber

RBC pipette

stem: 0.0 - 1.0

RBC pipette

stem: 0.0 - 1.0 & 10 times volume

WBC pipette

bulb: 1.0 - 11

WBC pipette

bulb: 0.1 - 101

RBC pipette

5-6 drops are needed before charging

RBC pipette

2-3 drops are needed before charging

WBC pipette

Test that counts the number of red cells in 1 mm³of blood

Red Blood Cell Count

blood is diluted with an ***isotonic solution*** to preserve the ***blood corpuscles***

Red Blood Cell Count

_True or False:_ RBC diluting fluid initiates growth of molds

False

_True or False:_ In **RBC counting**, dilutng fluid is drew until the ***101 mark***

True

What is the dilution number for RBC count?

1/200 or 1:200 dilution

angle of pipette while charging

30° - 35°

**_RBC Count_** objective for counting

HPO

**RBC Count** cell difference between cells

x ≤ 20

_True or False:_ All counts must be done **thrice**.

False ## Footnote \*Counts must be done in duplicate

**_RBC Count_** What is the best diluting fluid?

Dacie's Fluid or formol citrate

**RBC Count** * can be stored for long periods of time * formalin = preservative

Dacie's fluid or formol citrate

**RBC Count** * cell shape is *not* altered

Dacie's fluid or formol citrate

**_RBC Count_** * not recommended * allows yeast growth

Hayem's fluid

**_RBC Count_** * produces cell clumping * no corrosive effect

Hayem's fluid

**_RBC Count_** * prevents rouleaux formation

Gower's

**_RBC Count_** * precipitates protein (hemoglobinemia & hyperglobulinemia)

Gower's

**_RBC Count_** * high specific gravity * stains WBCs * supports fungi growth

Toisson's

**_RBC Count_** * used in emergency cases * for excessive rouleaux formation * autoagglutinated cells

NSS or physiologic saline sol'n

_True or False:_ Bethell's & 3.8% sodium citrate are WBC diluting fluids

False

disease when **hematocrit** **is elevated**

polycythemia

deficiency in total number of RBCs present

oligocythemia

_True or False_ Oligocythemia causes: * anemia * leukemia * bleeding

True

Test where number of WBC in 1 mm³ of blood is determined

WBC count

blood is diluted with a **hypotonic sol'n** producing **complete hemolysis** of RBC **without injury to WBCs**

WBC count

**_WBC count_** diluting fluid is drew up to the \_\_\_

11 mark

**_WBC count_** What is the dilution number?

1/20 or 1:20 dilution

**_RBC & WBC count_** Which borders are **included** in the count? *\*There are two*

top & left borders

**_WBC count_** cell difference between the squares

x ≤ 12

**_WBC count_** All are WBC diluting fluids *except*: A. 1% - 3% acetic acid with Gentian violet B. 1.1% sodium oxalate C. 1% hydrocloric acid D. Tuerk's

B. 1.1% sodium oxalate

A disease where leukocytes are deficient and places individuals at increased infection risk

leukopenia

A disease where leukocytes are elevated and causes infection, arthritis, leukemia, spleen removal, and physical stress

leukocytosis

A reaction where WBC count is increased and mimics leukemia due to an infection but is *not* a sign of cancer and eventually returns to normal.

Leukemoid reaction

It is measured as oxyhemoglobin. Then indirectly converted it to compunds like: * acid hematin * cyanmethemoglobin * alkali hematin * carboxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin

determines [oxygen] & [iron] carried by Hb molecule and blood's specific gravity

hemoglobin

**_Hemoglobin_** Determine the method: Hb is converted into acid hematin and its yellowish brown sol'n is compared to the comparator block's color std.

Acid hematin method

**_Hemoglobin_** * best method * all forms of Hb are converted to cyanmetHb (except sulfHb) * very stable std.

Cyanmethemoglobin or Hemoglobin cyanide method

**_Hemoglobin_** rgt. used for cyanmethemoglobin method

Drabkin's reagent

**_Hemoglobin_** Enumerate Drabkin's rgt composition

* sodium bicarbonate * potassium cyanide * potassium ferricyanide

**_Hemoglobin_** absorbance is read at?

540 nm against blank

**_Hemoglobin_** Colorimetric methods: * based on color comparison * simple chart with diff red hues * percentage error: 20-50%

Tallquist scale

**_Hemoglobin_** Colorimetric methods: * glass plate & eyepiece * percentage error: 20-30%

Dare hemoglobinometer

**_Hemoglobin_** Colorimetric methods: * alkaline sol'n produces a true & stable hematin sol'n

Alkaline hematin

**_Hemoglobin_** True or False: Newborn's & young infant's blood contain alkali-resistant HbF

True

**_Hemoglobin_** Indirect methods: * measures oxyhemoglobin * photoelectric Hb determination * no possibility of preparing a stable HbO2 std.

Oxyhemoglobin (sodium carbonate)

**Hemoglobin** Indirect methods: * pulse O2 saturation & pulse rate can be measured through the finger

Photoelectric oxyHb

**_Hemoglobin_** Indirect methods: * carbon monoxide poisoning * *not* routinely done

carboxyhemoglobin

**_Hemoglobin_** Gasometric methods: * measures O2 amount using a Van Slyke manometric apparatus

Van Slyke Oxygen capacity

**_Hemoglobin_** * potential blood donor screening * employs copper sulfate with known specific gravity

Specific gravity methods

**_Hemoglobin_** * measure amt. of iron in blood * Kennedy's & Wong's

chemical methods

**_Hemoglobin_** * variant detection or abnormal Hb screening * cellulose acetate @ alkaline pH 8.2-8.6

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

**_Hematocrit Determination_** packed red blood cells (PRBCs) volume after centrifugation

hematocrit

* simple, most accurate, valuable in hema investigations * more useful than RBC count in anemia

Hematocrit Determination

**_Hematocrit Determination_** most used method

Adam's microhematocrit method

**_Hematocrit Determination_** red capillary tube: blue capillary tube:

red capillary tube: **heparinized** blue capillary tube: **non-heparinized**

**_Hematocrit Determination_** * Wintrobe tube is used (ESR: 0-10 & Hct: 10-0) * anticoagulant of choice: double oxalate

Wintrobe Method

**Hematocrit Determination** * anticoagulant: 1.1% sodium oxalate in d. H2O

Haden's modification

Hematocrit Determination Determine the method with the ff anticoagulants: * 1.6% sodium oxalate in d. H2O * 1.3% sodium oxalate * heparin

* 1.6% sodium oxalate: **Van Allen Method** * 1.3% sodium oxalate: **Sanford-Magath** * heparin: **Bray's**

**_Hematocrit Determination_** This method uses a 5 inches long tube with a funnel-like mouth.

Sanford-Magath

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * speed of RBCs settling in anticoagulated blood * measures distance & fall speed of RBCs in plasma

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** important factor: \_\_\_\_\_

plasma proteins action

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** ## Footnote Enumerate the ESR stages and indicate the time.

1. Rouleaux formation or Initial period of aggregation (*10 mins)* 2. Period of fast settling *(40 mins)* 3. Final period of packing *(10 mins)*

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** True or False: used as an index for presence of an active infection

True

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** True or False: measures RBCs’ suspension stability

True

**Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate** _True or False:_ indicates normal concentration of fibrinogen, globulin, and other plasma proteins

False *\*abnormal*

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * most sensitive for ESR determination * serial study of chronic disease (TB & carcinoma)

Westergren method

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * accurate method * uses Wintrobe tube

Wintrobe-Landsberg Method

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * tube's bottom: **open** * calibration: **0-200 mm** * anticoagulant of choice: **3.8% trisodium citrate**

Westergren

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * tube's bottom: **flat & closed** * calibration: **0-100 mm** * anticoagulant of choice: **Hellen & Paul's double oxalate**

Wintrobe

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * anticoagulant of choice: **3% sodium citrate** * Cutler tube

Graphic or Cutler method

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * anticoagulant of choice: **3% sodium citrate** * Linzenmeier tube

Lizenmeier Method

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * anticoagulant of choice: **1.3% sodium citrate** * Bray’s tube (flat-bottomed, Hct & LE cell prep)

Bray's Method

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * Linzenmeier-Raunert modification * anticoagulant of choice: **5% sodium citrate** * Micro-Landau tube

Micro Landau

**_Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate_** * for infants & children when venipuncture may not be practica

Smith Micro

* **young RBCs** which are formed when the nucleus of the **late normoblasts** are lost through **extrusion** * cytoplasmic RNA is retained

Reticulocyte

reticulum: small network of **basophilic** materials; **supravital** stain

Reticulocyte

* more mature * greater cell’s ribosomal content

Reticulocyte

index of BM activity & RBC production

Reticulocyte count

monitor therapeutic measures of anemia

Reticulocyte count

* most used method * count is in 10 successive fields (1000 mature RBCs in total) * includes 1. New MB 2. Cook 3. Meyer 4. Tureen 5. Seiverd's

Dry Method

**_Reticulocyte Count_** Determine the stain color of the cells: * mature RBCs: \_\_\_\_\_\_ * reticulocytes: \_\_\_\_\_\_

* mature RBCS: **gray-blue** stained * reticulocytes: **deep blue** filamentous web or granules

**_Reticulocyte Count_** Determine the method: * rapid method of Schilling, Osgood-Wilhelm, and Sabin

Wet Methods

**_Reticulocyte Count_** Determine the method: * Miller disc is used as an optical aid placed in the eyepiece * allows more acurate count

Miller Disc method

**_Reticulocyte Count_** uses **cytometry flow** for the determination of % reticulocyte as well as the **absolute reticulocyte count**

Sysmex R-1000

**_Reticulocyte Count_** Stain for retic count: *\*There are two.*

1. New MB 2. Brilliant Cresyl Blue

Hematology I Lab Comprehensive Flashcards

(117 cards)