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Non Key Researchers Flashcards

1
Q

What did Spencer and Perrin do in

A

Recreated ash’s experiment with students and found 1 conforming response out of 396 trials

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2
Q

What did Sogan find

A

Found conformity was higher when majority were friends

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3
Q

What did friske find

A

Aschs groups weren’t very groupy didn’t resemble everyday experiences

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4
Q

What did bond and smith find

A

They did a study with different cultures and found collectivists were more likely to conform then individualists

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5
Q

What did Neto find

A

Repeated aschs study with women and found women cared about relationships more than men

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6
Q

What did McGhee and teevan find

A

Nafiliators were more likely torn conform because there want to be liked

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7
Q

What did Lucas find

A

Made maths questions harder and found conformity,it’s increased

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8
Q

What did McDermott find

A

Prisoners behaved like prison was real

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9
Q

What did banzuaziz and movahidi find

A

Agreed PPs acted instead of conforming to these social roles

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10
Q

What did reicher and Haslam find

A

Repeated SPE and found Aguirre’s and prisoners a didn’t conform they needed to actively identify with it
Social identity theory

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11
Q

What did Sheridan and king find

A

Repeat Milgrams study and found that people obey even when it was real

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12
Q

What did Orne and Holland

A

PPs were play acting and didn’t believe the set up was real

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13
Q

What did Baumrind say

A

Criticised Milgrams study and believed deception in a study has serious consequences

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14
Q

What did Mandel argued

A

That it leavers an excuse or alibi for evil behaviour

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15
Q

What did rank and Jacobsons find

A

16/18 nurses disobeyed orders to give excessive drugs
A lot of them were disobedient despite working in a hierarchal structure the same as milgrams study

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16
Q

What did Kilian and Mann find

A

16% of Australian women gave the 450v shovel in a Milgram study

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17
Q

What did Mantell find

A

German participants 85% gave 450V shock

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18
Q

What did Kilmen and Kemlton find

A

Real world crime of obedience can be understand in terms of power hierarchy

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19
Q

What did Christine and jaheda argue

A

That the the f- scale is politically biased of authoritarian personalities

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20
Q

What did Greenstein say

A

F-scale had a comedy of methodological errors

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21
Q

What did Albrecht do

A

Evaluated a 8 week programme to help pregnant adolescent teens aged 14- 19 resist peer pressure to smoking

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22
Q

What did Allan and Levine find

A

Did an asch type study where dissenters was someone with perceived good eyesight 64 % of genuine PPs refused to conform
No dissenter 3% resisted
Resistance was only 36% when someone with perceived bad eyesight there was 36% resistance

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23
Q

What did twenge find

A

Americans became more resistant to obedience and more external

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24
Q

What did rotter say

A

Loc is not the most important factor weather someone resists social influence

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25
What did Nemeth and brillmayer do and find
A mock jury study where a group had decided on compensation to pay Being flexibility helped the minority
26
What’s did martin find
Presented a message supporting a particular view point ands measured participants agreement One group of PPs heard a minority group agree with initial view and another groupy agree with initial view
27
What did Nolan do
Saw weather social influence processes led to a reduction in energy consumption by hanging messages on the front door of residents houses are trying to reduce energy usage Decrease in energy usage compared to control group which was just asked to save energy
28
What did Nemeth claim
Social change is due to the type of thinking that minorities inspire People consider it because they think divergently
29
What did foxcroft do
He reviewed social norms interventions And found those whop were informed about alcohol consumption caused them to drink less but had no effect on frequency
30
What did mackie say
Majority influence can create deeper processing if we don’t share their views Because we think people have similar views to us If the majority think the opposite of us we think about there opinion
31
What did bashier say
People resist social change
32
What did Isabella find
Found the achievement of interactional synchrony Predicted development of good quality attachments
33
What did abravanel + deyong find
Observed how babies reacted to inanimate objects + found that they didn’t do anything
34
What did Feldman point out
Pointed out ideas like synchrony simply gives names to patterns of observable behaviours
35
What did Ijzendoorn find
Multiple attachments from much earlier in collectivist cultures
36
What did mccallum + golombok find
Did studies that consistency show that these children do not develop differently from children in two parent heterosexual families
37
What did Regolin and vallortigara find
Chicks were exposed to simple shape combinations that moved such as triangle with a rectangle in front of a range of shape combinations were then moved in front of them They followed the original most closely
38
What did rhesus do
A study about monkeys
39
What did Guiton do
Found chicks imprinting on a rubber glove even tried to mate with them Found it can be reversed chicks engaged in normal sexual behaviour when exposed to other chickens
40
What did Hay + respond to do
Parents teach children to love them by modelling attachment behaviours Parents also reinforce loving behaviours by showing approval when babies display own attachment behaviours
41
How has bowblys study been used
In parenting programmes + adoption practices where they use a key worker
42
What did Koluchova do
Reported a case study of the Czech twins who suffered abuse until the age of 7 but fully recovered
43
What did McCormick and Kokkinos find
If you have a secure(type B) attachment type you achieve better in school and less involvement in bullying
44
What did ward find
Securely (type B) attached babies tend to have a better mental health in adulthood
45
What did Bick do
Tested inter-rater reliability for the strange situation for a team of trained observers and found agreement on attachment type in 94% of cases
46
What did Kagan suggest
Genetically-influenced anxiety levels could account for variations in attachment behaviour in the strange situation and later development
47
What did Takahashi find
Babies displayed very high levels of separation anxiety and so a disproportionate amount were classified as insecure resistant
48
Why did Takahashi find this
Anxiety response was not due to high rates of attachment insecurity but to the unusual nature of the experience in japan where mother-baby separation is very rare
49
What did main and Solomon
Identified a fourth category of attachment a disorganised or type D attachment a mix of resistant and avoidant behaviour
50
51
What did Morelli and Troncik
We’re outsiders from America when they studied child rearing and patterns of attachment in the EFe of Zaire
52
What did goldfarb do
Research development of deprived children in war time orphanages
53
What did Ritter do
Drew an important distinction between two types of early negative experience Deprivation refers to the loss of the primary attachment figure after the attachment was developed Privation is the failure to form any attachment in the first place this may take place when children are brought up in institutional care
54
What did Koluchova do
Reported the case of the Czech twins Twins experienced very severe physical and emotional abuse from the age of 18 months up until 7 years old
55
What did Lewis do
Looked at 500 young people and found no association between early separation and later psychopathy (criminally or relationship difficulties)
56
What did levy show
Showed that separating baby rats from their mother for a little as a day had permanent effects on their social development though not other aspects
57
What did gao et al find
Showed that poor quality maternal care was associated with high rates in psychopathy in adults
58
What did Langton say
Understanding the effects of early institutional care and how to prevent worse of these effects
59
What did fearon and roisman conclude
Concluded that early attachment consistently predicts later attachment emotional well-being and attachment to own children
60
What did stroll do
Did a regensburg longitudinal study followed 43 individuals from one year of age At age 16 assessed using adult attachment interview
61
What did mccarthy do
Some studies asses attachment in infancy which means that the assessment of early attachemnt is valid

Psychology (16 decks)

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