Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

!Equine Medicine And Surgery > Non-infectious Lower Airway Dz > Flashcards

Non-infectious Lower Airway Dz Flashcards

1
Q

What is equine asthma (heaves, RAO, COPD)

A

A chronic respiratory disease that causes inflammation in a horse’s airways, making it difficult for them to breathe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is small airway inflammatory dz (SAID)?

A

Group of inflammatory conditions of the lower respiratory tract
Cause of impaired performance and interruption of training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What age of horses suffer from equine asthma?

A

Older horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the age range of horses that suffer form SAID?

A

Young racehorses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

CS of equine asthma

A

Elevated respiration
Expiratory wheezes
Heave line (hypertrophy of rectus abdominus and EAO muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

CS of SAID

A

Poor racing performance
Cough
Tracheal exudate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the predisposing causes of SAID?

A

Unknown but could be: resp. viruses, bacteria, lung parasites, dust, exercise and elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the predisposing causes of equine asthma?

A

Seasonal disorder (summer)
Change in husbandry: hay and housing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normal % of differential cell count in a bronchoalveolar lavage?

A

Macros: 40-60%
Lymphos: 40-60%
Neutros: <5%
Mast cells: <2%
Eosins: <1%
lower the volume, higher the neutro count

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

% differential cell count in a horse with equine asthma and SAID

A

Neutros: >20%
Mast cells and eosins: >5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Increased # of eosinophils in a BAL, ddx?

A

Astham
SAID
Parasitic pulmonary dz
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia
Sarcoidosis
langerhands cell histcytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Advantages of the transendoscopic tracheal wash

A

Bacteriology
Represents all lung regions
Quick and easy screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Disadvantagesof the transendoscopic tracheal wash

A

Less precise reference ranges than BAL
Epistaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Advantages of a bronchoalveolar wash

A

Cytology
Simple to collect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Disadvantages of a bronchoalveolar lavage

A

Mild coughing, depression, fever
Small area and relies on lung dz being diffuse and homogenous
Can’t take BAL sample without nasopharyngeal contamination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How would a tracheal wash from a horse with equine asthma differ from a horse with bacterial pneumonia?

A

Asthma: eosinophilia
Pneumonia: neutrophilia without eosinophilia

17
Q

Tx for equine asthma

A

Environmental control (steam hay, 2-3w)
Systemic corticosteroids: Prednisolone, dexmethasone, triamicinolone)
Systemic bronchodilators (buscopan, clenbuterol

18
Q

Inhalation therapy of equine asthma (medication)

A

Anticholinergic (ipatropium bromide)
B2 agonists (albuterol and clenbuterol)
Mast cell stabilizer (Na cromoglycate)
Corticosteroids(beclomethasone and fluticasone and ciclosenide)
Mucokinesis (acetylcysteine)

19
Q

Mechanical inhalation therapy

A

Metered-dose inhalers
Aeromask (with pirbuterol and albuterol)

20
Q

Environmental management for equine asthma and SAID

A

Soak hay for 30 minutes to get rid of dust (steamed hay)
Good ventilation
Feed small amounts

21
Q

Tx protocol for SAID

A

Outdoors or bed on sand, shavings, peat moss
Pelleted feed or soaked hay
Corticosteroids, systemic, inhaled (ciclosenide)
Bronchodilator drugs
Abx

22
Q

What is exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage?

A

Blood is present in the airways of the lungs after strenuous physical activity
Causes a horse to stop on the track and finish last

23
Q

What causes EIPH?

A

High pulmonary capillary blood pressure during exercise
A. Fib
Blood viscosity, small airway dz, upper airway obstruction, high BP

24
Q

Pathophysiology of EIPH

A

Exercise —> pulmonary capillary rupture —> hemorrhage—> inflammation and fibrosis—> reduced lung compliance and angiogenesis

25
Q

Dx EPIH

A

Endoscopy (0.2-2 hr post exercise)
Transtracheal wash (hemosiderophages)
Rads (unreliable): ↑ density in the caudodorsal lungs

26
Q

How do you tx EPIH? Issues with giving this in horses with competition sports?

A

Furosemide (weight reduction?)
Nasal strips
Correction of layngeal hemiplegia
Aminocaproic acid and conjugated estrogens

!Equine Medicine And Surgery (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions