Dental Dz Part 1

Question 1

Wolf Teeth

Answer 1

First PM and brachydont (05)
Lower wolf tooth rarely present

Question 2

How and why would you remove a wolf teeth?

Answer 2

Cause problems with the bit (mandibular)
Biting problems when the tooth is displaced (rostrally) → unerupted beneath gingiva

Question 3

When do wolf teeth erupt?

Answer 3

5-6 m but could be lost when the 1st maxillary cap is shed

Question 4

Canine teeth

Answer 4

Cuspid or Tush in males >4 yrs old (25% of mares have 1 to 4 rudimentary K9s)
Brachydont
Erupt 2-8 m after lowers

Question 5

Caps

Answer 5

Remnants of deciduous (milk) teeth
Shed during eruption of underlying permanent tooth 2.5-3.5 yr old)

Question 6

Loose/ retained caps

Answer 6

Can cause oral pain
Failure to shed: apical inflammation to the permanent tooth → apical infection

Question 7

Dental overgrowth in brachygnathia (parrot mouth)

Answer 7

Premaxillary incisors rostral to mandibular incisors → malocclusion of incisors due to short mandibular intermandibular space or lengthened maxillary ID space
Overjet (rostral) and overbite (ventral with no occlusion)

Question 8

Which teeth are affected by brachygnathia

Answer 8

Rostral aspect of mandibular (M3) and maxillary (PM2) cheek teeth (311s and 411s)

Question 9

Prognathia (sow mouth, monkey mouth, underjet)

Answer 9

Caused by abnormall short maxillae or premaxillae or long mandible

Question 10

Which teeth are affected by prognathia?

Answer 10

Overgrowth of cheek teeth on mandible PM2 and maxillary M3

Question 10

Why are retained deciduous incisors a problem?

Answer 10

Lie rostral to the permanent tooth
The displace permanent teeth caudally

Question 11

Supernumerary Incisors

Answer 11

Present + 12 normal permanent incisors
Close to the reverse crown of the normal permanent incisor
Causes little problems (no removal)

Question 12

Consequences and tx of fractured incisors

Answer 12

Pulp chamber exposed
Endodontic therapy (since they have 1 root canal)

Question 13

Wry nose (Campylorrhinus lateralis)

Answer 13

Misalignment/ abnormal wear of incisors: deviated nasal bones, premaxillae and nasal septum
Fail to occlude with mandibular incisors
Tx with realignment sx

Question 14

Incisor diastemata

Answer 14

Aged horses (>15y), congenital diastemata
Narrow spaces between teeth (shouldn’t be there) causing trapped feed and periodontal dz

Question 15

What causes congenital diastemata

Answer 15

Dental buds of the cheek teeth are developed too far apart

Question 16

What is the tx for diastemata

Answer 16

Diastema widening - use three progressively larger burrs (like drill bits) to remove tiny bits of each tooth, creating a channel

Question 17

Polydontia

Answer 17

Having more that the normal # of cheek teeth (7th cheek teeth and connated/ double tooth)

Question 18

What are the consequences of polyodontia?

Answer 18

Malocclusion, overgrowth and periodontal dz

Question 19

Ologodontia

Answer 19

Absence of normal # of teeth
Congenital (rare) and acquired (common)

Question 20

What are the consequences of ologodontia?

Answer 20

Overgrowths and periodontal dz

Question 21

Normal horse arcades

Answer 21

Anisognathic: maxillary arcades spaced 20-25% wide than mandibular
CT angles 10-15 to 35 degrees

Question 22

Overgrowths (disorders of wear)

Answer 22

Upper jaw wider than lower jaw
Develop on lingual edge of mandibular CT and buccal edge of maxillary CT
Results in damage to the tongue or cheek

Question 23

Sharp enamel points (disorders of wear)

Answer 23

Prevents jaws (mandible) from moving freely
Cause pain leading to quidding and WL
Biting problems, headshaking
Ulcerative tongue

Question 24

Shear mouth

Answer 24

Severe sharp enamel points: rare condition where overgrowths involve all occlusal surface → abnormal angulations of >45 degrees

Question 25

Smooth mouth

Answer 25

Dz of old horses when enamel is worn away
Roots exposed: soft dentin and cementum smooth (loss of grinding)