GI, musculoskeletal, reproductive, renal toxicities

Question 1

Slaframine

Answer 1

Red clover infected with fungus
Stimulates salivary glands
Leads to electrolyte loss and dehy

Question 2

Prognosis of slaframine

Answer 2

Good with tx

Question 3

Which plants cause oral irritation

Answer 3

Lord-n-ladies, adam-n-ever and elephants ear
Insoluble calcium oxalates

Question 4

CS of oral irritation

Answer 4

Pain/ swelling of the mouth, tongue and lips
Excessive drooling and difficulty swallowing

Question 5

Tomato

Answer 5

All parts of the plant and green fruit
Toxin: solanine
CS: hypersalivation, inappetence, GI upset, slow HR, dilated pupils

Question 6

Wil mustard

Answer 6

California Rape or Charlock
Toxin: isothiocyanates
CS: Gi irritation and colic

Question 7

Mint

Answer 7

Diarrhea and colic with ingestions of large amounts

Question 8

Yellowrocket

Answer 8

Toxin: isothiocyanates
CS: Gi irritation and colic

Question 9

NSAIDs

Answer 9

Phenylbutazone, flunixin meglamine, ketoprofen and slaicylate

Question 10

CS of NSAID toxicity

Answer 10

Oral, gastric and intestinal ulceration
Hypersalivation, difficult swallow, diarrhea, chr. colitis and colic

Question 11

Dx of NSAID toxicity

Answer 11

Hypoproteinemia/hypoalbuminemia
Gastroscopy (ulcers)

Question 12

Tx of NSAID toxicity

Answer 12

Synthetic PGs, IV fluids, mineral oil and AC

Question 13

Antimicrobials

Answer 13

Disrupt GI microflora → soft to liquid diarrhea, dehy, depression, +/- colic

Question 14

Specific CS of different antimicrobials

Answer 14

Sulfonamides: hypersensitivity, hemolytic anemia
Penicillin: rash
Centiofur: nephrotoxicity
Aminoglycosides: nephrotoxicity

Question 15

Tx of Antimicrobial toxicity

Answer 15

Supportive therapy + probiotics, transfaunation, deep bedding and monitor feet

Question 16

Aloe

Answer 16

Saponins and anthraquinones
CS: lethargy and diarrhea
Tx: roughage, probiotics, IV fluids and electrolytes

Question 17

Black walnut juglans nigra

Answer 17

Oxidative stress to laminar tissues + inflamm.
CS: limb swelling, laminitis*

Question 18

Hoary Alyssum

Answer 18

Toxic in hay for months
Oxidative stress to laminar tissues
Ingestion or aerosolizes

Question 19

CS of acute Hoary Alyssum

Answer 19

Fever (103+), diarrhea, depression

Question 20

Severe cases of Hoary Alyssum

Answer 20

Intravasc. hemolysis, endotoxemia, hypovolemic shock, edema, laminitis, abortion and death

Question 21

Endophyte toxicity

Answer 21

Infected tall fescue: calviceps purpurea and ergot alkaloids (ergotamine and ergonovine)
Toxic and ryegrass

Question 22

What does endophyte toxicity cause

Answer 22

Dystocia, poor milk production and laminitis

Question 23

Fescue toxicosis in mares

Answer 23

Prolonged gestation (>350d), abortion, red bag, dystocia, thickened placenta, stillbirth, abortion, agalatica

Question 24

Fescue toxicosis in foals

Answer 24

Abnormal maturation, weakness, starvation (agalatica from mom), ↑ susceptibility to dz

Question 25

Don’t feed tall fescue to ____________ beginning with _______trimester of gestation

Answer 25

Broodmares
Third

Question 26

Yellow pine

Answer 26

Isocupressic acid
Premature birth/ abortion

Question 27

Oak toxicity

Answer 27

Quercus spp. (acorns, leaves, twigs)
Gallotannis (highest in immature leaves in spring and acorns in the fall)

Question 28

CS of oak (quercus) toxicity

Answer 28

Depression, loss of appetite, colic, blood/ acorn pieces in feces, Hburia
Severe: typhlocolitis, diarrhea, acute renal tubular nephrosis

Question 29

Shamrock plant

Answer 29

Oxalis species
Toxin: soluble calcium oxalates
CS: kidney failure, tremors and salivation

Question 30

Begonia Begonia spp

Answer 30

Soluble calcium oxalates
Kidney failure
Most toxic part underground

Question 31

Sorrel (dock) rumex spp.

Answer 31

Soluble calcium oxalates
Kidney failure, tremors and salivation