Mouth&Esophagus Flashcards
Main types of Mandibular and maxilla fractures
Incisive/ rostral region
Interdental space
Caudal horizontal ramus
Vertical ramus
What causes fractures in the incisive and interdental space?
Thin bones and minimal soft tissue coverage
Direct trauma from other horses or objects
Why are fractures of the caudal horizontal ramus (molars/ temporomandibular joint) less common?
Greater bone and muscle mass (masseter muscle)
Higher morbidity
Acute clinical signs of mandibular and maxilla fractures
Displacements
Pytalism
Swelling
Prehensile difficulties
Dysphasia
Oral/ cutaneous wounds
Chronic clinical signs of mandibular and maxilla fractures
Debilitation
Difficult prehension
Malodorous breath
Loss of normal occlusal alignment of dental structures
Diagnosing mandibular and maxilla fractures
Clinical signs
Radiographs
Cross bite (cd. mandible, vertical ramus, temporomandibular joint fractures/ luxations)
Treatment for incisive fractures
Orthopedic wires
Interdigitate on reduction
Eat normal diet
Heal within 4-8 weeks
Treatments for interdental space fractures
Interdigated: orthopedic wires
Long oblique fractures: cortical screws
Treatments for unstable fractures of the interdental space
Acrylic splints
Dynamic compression plates
Kirschner- Ehmer appliances
Treatment for unilateral non-displaced ramification fractures
Non surgical
Soft diets
Analgesics (non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs)
4-6 weeks (good prog)
Where are caudal angle mandibles fractured?
From the junction of the vertical and horizontal ramus as a free fragment (uncommon)
Treatment of caudal angle mandible
Excision of fragments
With molar involvement: internal fixation with plates/ screws
Treatment for the temporomandibular area fracture
Rare and difficult to repair
Mandibular condylectomy
Treatment for the coronoid process
Excision (preferred if dental abnormalities result) or conservative management
Prognosis for mandibular and maxilla fractures
Incisive region/ interdental area: good
Horizontal and vertical rami: guarded to fair
Temporomandibular and coronoid: guarded
What are the predisposing causes of esophageal impaction (choke)
Communal feeding
Post exercise (after feeding)
Esophageal lesions
Dental problems
What is the most common site of esophageal obstruction?
Second cervical vertebra