AKI and Hematuria

Question 1

What are the most common causes of AKI in the horse?

Answer 1

Hypovolemia
Amikacin, tetracycline
Dehydration
Toxins
Flunixin

Question 2

AKI

Answer 2

Any clinical or subclinical change to renal blood flow, urine output and GFR

Question 3

AKI is a consequence of …

Answer 3

Poor renal perfusion for an extended period → hypoxic injury to the kindeys

Question 4

How do you detect AKI?

Answer 4

UA and USG
Chem: Creat, protein, electrolytes, SDMA
Urine biochem: GGT, fractional excretion of electrolytes

Question 5

Diagnostic imaging of AKI

Answer 5

Transabdominal or transrectal U/S:
Transrectal palpation of l. kidney
Endoscopy (urethra, bladder, ureter openings)

Question 6

How to dx AKI

Answer 6

Persistence of azotemia with changes of UA ( casts, isosthenuria, protein, hematuria)
Response to tx after 48hr to see if reversible

Question 7

Promote/ improve renal blood flow and GFR for AKI

Answer 7

IV fluid therapy- polyionic, isotonic crystalloids
Ad libitum water

Question 8

How to tx AKI

Answer 8

COX-2 selective NSAIDs
Dietary management (protein and water)