NM Signs Associated With Localized Lesions Of Cortex

Question 1

Frontal Lobe: Pre-central area
Primary Motor Cortex

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 1

Discrete volitional mvmts

Lesion: C/L paralysis and paresis (most pronounced in distal limbs and lower face)

Question 2

Frontal Lobe: Pre-central area
Premotor area

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 2

Motor planning or praxis

Lesion: Apraxia or motor planning difficulties

Question 3

Frontal Lobe: Precentral area
Prefrontal area

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 3

Motor association areas

Lesion: Loss of specific motor plans

Question 4

Frontal Lobe: precentral area
Supplementary motor

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 4

B/L control of posture

Lesion: Loss of B/L control of posture

Question 5

Frontal lobe: precentral area
Middle frontal gyrus

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 5

Conjugate eye movements

Lesion: transitory paralysis of conjugate eye movements to opposite side

Question 6

Frontal lobe: precentral area
Motor speech area (Broca’s)

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 6

Language production

Lesion: Nonfluent aphasia

Question 7

Frontal Lobe: prefrontal area
dorsolateral

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 7

motivation, problem solving

Lesion: B/L Lesions—> impaired ability to concentrate

Question 8

Frontal lobe: prefrontal area
Orbitofrontal

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 8

Emotions, behavior

Lesion: unstable emotions, unpredictable behavior

Question 9

Frontal lobe: prefrontal area
Orbital gyri (posterolateral)

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 9

Olfaction

Lesion: inability to discriminate odors

Question 10

Parietal lobe
Postcentral gyrus/primary somatosensory area

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 10

Somesthetic sensations

Lesion: Loss of C/L stimulus location, intensity

Question 11

Parietal lobe
Secondary somatosensory area

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 11

Sensory interpretation

Lesion: tactile agnostic: asterognosis, agraphesthesia, loss of 2-pt discrimination, extinction

Question 12

Parietal lobe
Gustatory cortex

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 12

Taste

Lesion: impairment of taste in C/L side of tongue

Question 13

Parietal lobe
Parietal lobe R hemisphere

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 13

Perceptual function

Lesion: visual-spatial disorders, body scheme disorders, apraxias, tactile and auditory perceptual disorders

Question 14

Temporal lobe
Primary auditory cortex

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 14

Hearing

Lesion: subtle decrease in hearing and ability to localize sounds, both C/L

Question 15

Temporal lobe
Wernicke’s speech area; superior temporal gyrus (L hem)

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 15

Language understanding and formulation; storage of auditorally presented info
Lesion: fluent aphasia; impairment of learning and memory

Question 16

Temporal
Temporal cortex (non-dominant side)

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 16

Storage of visually presented information

Lesion: impairments of learning and memory

Question 17

Temporal lobe
Parahippocampal region

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 17

Recent memory

Profound memory loss of recent events, no new learning

Question 18

Occipital lobe
Primary visual cortex

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 18

Vision

Lesion: C/L homonym our hemianopsia; impairments of vision

Question 19

Occipital lobe
Visual association cortex

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 19

Visual understanding

Lesion: visual agnostia

Question 20

Occipital lobe
Posterior multimodal area (parietal, occipital, temporal lobes)

Function?
Destructive Lesion Effect?

Answer 20

Integrates sensory information (somatosensory, visual, auditory)
Lesion: perceptual impairment