NM MC/ML/Feedback/Task-Specific/Remediation-Facilitation/PNF

Question 1

Feedback given after every trial improves ___, while ___ feedback improves learning and retention

Answer 1

Performance

Variable

Question 2

Early training should focus on ___ feedback (cognitive phase of learning), while later training should focus on ____ feedback (associative phase)

Answer 2

Visual

Proprioceptive

Question 3

10 PNF techniques

Answer 3

1. Rhythmic initiation
2. Rhythmic rotation
3. Stabilizing reversals (alternating isometrics)
4. Rhythmic stabilization
5. Dynamic reversals (slow reversals)
6. Combination of isotonics (agonist reversals)
7. Replication (hold-relax-active motion)
8. Contract-relax active contraction (CRAC)
9. Hold-relax (HR)
10. Repeated stretch (repeated contraction)

Question 4

UE D1F is what PNF pattern?

Answer 4

Flexion-adduction-ER

Diagonal D1 flexion

Question 5

UE D1E is what PNF pattern?

Answer 5

Extension-abduction-IR

Question 6

UE D2F is what PNF pattern?

Answer 6

flexion-abduction-ER

Question 7

UE D2E is what PNF pattern?

Answer 7

Extension-adduction-IR

Question 8

LE D1F PNF

Answer 8

Flexion-adduction-ER

Question 9

LE D1E PNF

Answer 9

Extension-abduction-IR

Question 10

LE D2F PNF

Answer 10

Flexion-abduction-IR

Question 11

LE D2E PNF

Answer 11

Extension-adduction-ER

Question 12

PNF: upper trunk flexion with rotation to R or L, lead arm moves in D1E, assist arm holds on top of wrist

Answer 12

sitting chop

Question 13

PNF: upper trunk extension with rotation to R or L; lead arm moves in D2F, assist arm holds beneath wrist

Answer 13

sitting lift

Question 14

Contraindications for sensory stimulation

Answer 14

-Pts who will not benefit from hands-on approach
Pts who demonstrate sufficient motor control to perform active movements
-Pts who can independently practice motor skill
-Pts who can self-correct based on feedback mechanisms

Question 15

Spatial summation (multiple techniques) or temporal summation (___ ___ of same technique) may be necessary to produce desired response in some patients with reduced response

Answer 15

Repeated application

Question 16

Functions are assumed or replaced, or substituted by different areas of the brain using different effectors or body segments

Answer 16

Substitution

Question 17

Issues with substitution

Answer 17

Learned nonuse
Development of splinter skills: pt with brain damage, skills cannot easily be generalized to other tasks/environmental situations

Question 18

PNF: Supine or sitting CHOPPING facilitates what?

Answer 18

Rolling to prone

Question 19

PNF: D1 flexion LE helps with what?

Answer 19

Rolling in any direction

Question 20

PNF Techniques for Facilitation:
Slow isotonic shortening contraction through the range followed by eccentric lengthening contraction with same muscle groups

Answer 20

Agonist reversals (AR)

Question 21

PNF Techniques for Facilitation

What is agonist reversals (AR) indicated for?

Answer 21

Weak postural muscles

Inability to eccentrically control body weight during movement transitions (ex: sitting down)

Question 22

PNF Techniques for Facilitation:

Joint compression

Answer 22

Approximation

Question 23

PNF Techniques for Facilitation:

What is approximation indicated for?

Answer 23

Stimulate afferent nerve endings

Facilitate postural extensors to promote stability

Question 24

PNF Techniques for Facilitation:
Isotonic movement in rotation followed by isometric hold of the range limiting muscles in antagonist pattern against slowly increasing resistance, then passive motion and active contraction of agonist pattern

Answer 24

Contract-Relax (CR)

Question 25

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | What is contract relax (CR) indicated for?

Answer 25

Limited ROM caused by muscle tightness or spasticity

Question 26

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: Isometric contraction of antagonist pattern against slowly increasing resistance, followed by voluntary relaxation and passive overeat into the newly gained range of the agonist pattern. Active contraction (__) of the agonists can also be performed and relaxes the antagonist through RECIPROCAL INHIBITION.

Answer 26

Hold-relax (HR)

Question 27

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for hold-relax (HR)?

Answer 27

Limitations in ROM due to muscle tightness, spasm, or pain

Question 28

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: Repeated isotonic contractions induced by quick stretches and enhanced by resistance performed through the range or part of the range at a point of weakness.

Answer 28

Repeated contractions (RC)

Question 29

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for repeated contractions (RC)?

Answer 29

Weakness Incoordination Muscle imbalances Lack of endurance

Question 30

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: Voluntary relaxation followed by passive movement through increasing ROM, followed by active-assisted contractions progressing to resisted isotonic contractions

Answer 30

Rhythmic initiation (RI)

Question 31

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for rhythmic initiation (RI)?

Answer 31

``` Spasticity Rigidity Hypertonicity Inability to initiate motion (apraxia) Motor learning deficits Communication deficits (aphasia) ```

Question 32

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: Simultaneous isometric contractions of both agonist and antagonist patterns performed without relaxation using careful grading of resistance. Cocontraction of opposing muscle groups.

Answer 32

Rhythmic stabilization (RS)

Question 33

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for rhythmic stabilization (RS)?

Answer 33

``` Instability in WB and holding Poor antigravity control Weakness Ataxia Limited ROM caused by muscle tightness Painful muscle splinting ```

Question 34

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: Alternating isotonic contractions of agonist then antagonist patterns using careful grading of resistance and optimal facilitation. In ___, isometric hold is added at end of range at a point of weakness

Answer 34

``` Slow reversal (SR) Slow reversal hold (SRH) ```

Question 35

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for slow reversal (SR) or slow reversal hold (SRH)?

Answer 35

Inability to reverse directions Muscle weakness or imbalance Incoordination Lack of endurance

Question 36

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Separation of joint surfaces

Answer 36

Traction

Question 37

PNF Techniques for Facilitation: | Indications for traction?

Answer 37

Facilitates flexor muscles | Mobilizing patterns