NM Functional Balance And Locomotion Tests

Question 1

POMA/Tinetti:
Examines _________
How many items?
What do the items include?

Answer 1

Balance
9
Sitting, Sit to stand, Standing, Standing with feet together, Turn 360*, Sternal nudge, Stand on one leg, Tandem stand, Reach up,
Bend over, Stand to sit, Timed rising

And walking (gait initiation, path, turning timed walk, step over obstacles)

Question 2

POMA/Tinetti
max score?
Patients who score _____ are at high risk for falls
Patients who score ______ are at moderate risk

Answer 2

28
<19
19-24

Question 3

Berg:
Examines _____ ______
How many items?
What does this include?

Answer 3

Functional balance
14
Sitting unsupported, sit to stand, stand to sit, transfers
In standing: EO to EC, feet together, forward reach, pick object off floor, head turns, turning 360, stepping up, tandem stance, stance on one leg

Question 4

Berg:
Uses ______ scale with specific scoring criteria for each activity
Some items are ________
Max score is ____
Patients who score less than ____ are at high risk for falls
With scores ________ a 1-point drop is associated with a 6-8% increase in fall risk

Answer 4

Ordinal
Timed
56
45
54-46

Question 5

TUG:
Examines ______ balance during what actions?
Performance on TUG is _____

Answer 5

Functional - during rise from chair, walk 3m, turn, and return to chair
Timed

Question 6

TUG: normal intact adults can perform the test in less than __ seconds
______ seconds is considered normal for frail elderly or disabled patients
Pts who take ____ seconds are at increased risk of falls
Pts who take ____ seconds are at high risk

Answer 6

10
11-20
>20
>30

Question 7

Functional Reach: Examines maximal distance a person can reach ______ beyond arm’s length while maintaining a fixed position in _______ (single item test)

Answer 7

Forward

Standing

Question 8

Functional Reach:

Forward reach normals for age 20-40 in men and women?

Answer 8

Men: 16.7 in +/- 1.9
Women: 14.6 in +/- 2.2

Question 9

Functional Reach:

Forward reach normals for age 41-69 in men and women?

Answer 9

Men: 14.9 +/- 2.2 in
Women: 13.8 +/- 2.2

Question 10

Functional Reach:

Forward reach normals for age 70-87 in men and women?

Answer 10

Men: 13.2 +/- 1.6 in
Women: 10.5 +/- 3.5 in

Question 11

Functional Reach: A score of ___ or less indicates a significant risk for falls
Scores between ______ indicate a moderate risk for falls

Answer 11

6

6-10

Question 12

Multidirectional Reach Test (MDRT):

Examines maximal instance a person can reach ____, _____, and lateral to _____ and _____

Answer 12

Forward, backward

Left and right

Question 13

Multidirectional Reach Test (MDRT):
Backward: above average is greater than_____ inches. Below average is less than _____ inches.
Lateral: above average is greater than ____ in. Below average is less than ____ inches.

Answer 13

7. 6, 1.6

9. 4, 3.8

Question 14

5x STS: Examines Sit to stand to sit transitions five times with arms in what position?.

Answer 14

Crossed on chest

Question 15

5x STS: Test is ______

Answer 15

Timed using stopwatch

Question 16

ABC Scale: Examples level of confidence using % points - activities rated include __ daily activities including what?

Answer 16

16

Reaching, walking (in house, outside, ramps, stairs), stepping on escalator

Question 17

ABC: What is the scoring scale?

Answer 17

0-100%
0 no confidence
100 full

Question 18

The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest):
A comprehensive instrument with ___ sections
Examines what?

Includes assessment of _____, _____, ____, and ________

Answer 18

6
Biomechanical restraints, stability limits/verticality, transitions/anticipatory, reaction, sensory integration

Posture, gait, transfers, balance/falls

Question 19

The Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest):

Specific scoring criteria for each section. Uses ______ scale, ______ and ______

Answer 19

Ordinal
Timed items
Observations

Question 20

The Mini-BESTest Items:

A shorter version of the test with ____ items

Answer 20

14

Question 21

The Mini-BESTest Items: Items are score ____ with a max score of ___

Answer 21

0-2

28

Question 22

Hi-MAT: Examines ___ ____ balance and mobility problems

Answer 22

High level

Question 23

Hi-MAT: Minimal requirement for testing is what?

Answer 23

Independent walking for 20 m without gait aids

Question 24

Hi-MAT: What does this include?

Answer 24

walking tasks, running, skipping, hopping, bounding, stairs

Question 25

Hi-MAT: Scored using time or distance on a _____ scale. | Total score is ____

Answer 25

0-5 54

Question 26

BES: Examines level of ________ when performing functional tasks encountered in daily life ___ questions are scored from _________ confidence

Answer 26

Confidence 18 0-100%

Question 27

BES: What do the activities include?

Answer 27

Getting out of chair, walking up and down flight of 10 stairs, getting out of bed, getting into and out of tub or shower, removing items from cupboard, walking on uneven ground, standing on one leg

Question 28

Balance efficacy scale: Total score is divided by ___ to yield mean BES score Scores less than ____ indicate low confidence

Answer 28

18 <50

Question 29

SPPB: Includes what?

Answer 29

``` Repeated chair stands (sit to stand rises) Semitandem Tandem And side-by—side stands As well as a timed 8 FEET walk ```

Question 30

SPPB: Tests are scored in terms of ______ __ ______ ___ STS, ____ sec in each of the standing conditions, and __ feet walk An ______ score is given for each section. Summary ___ score: __ worst performance to __ best performance

Answer 30

Time to complete 5 10 8 Ordinal Ordinal 0 12

Question 31

DGI: Examines dynamic gait (__ items) including changes in what?

Answer 31

8 | Gait speed, head turns, pivot turns, obstacle, and stairs

Question 32

DGI: Uses a __ point ordinal scale Total score is __ Scores of __ indicate safe ambulation While scores less than ___ are predictive of falls in the elderly

Answer 32

4 24 20/24 19/24

Question 33

Walkie talkie test (stops walking while talking, SWWT): | Test examines ability to talk while walking, which is measure of _______

Answer 33

Dual task control

Question 34

Walkie talkie test (stops walking while talking, SWWT): Test is positive if what?

Answer 34

The person must stop walking in order to respond to question

Question 35

Functional gait assessment (FGA): A __ item gait assessment is based on the _______ What additional items does it include

Answer 35

10 DGI Walking (ambulating backward, with narrow BOS, with eyes closed)

Question 36

FGA: Items are scaled on _____ scale | Total possible score is ____

Answer 36

Ordinal | 30

Question 37

Modified Emory functional ambulation profile scale (mEFAP): | A _____ measure of walking using ____ environment challenges including

Answer 37

Timed 5 Floor, carpet, up and go, obstacles, stairs

Question 38

``` mEFAP: Recorded time is multiplied by a factor related to use of _____ No assistance = ____ AFO = ___ SPC = ___ Hemiwalker or quad cane = ___ AFO + SPC = _____ AFO + hemiwalker (or quad cane) = ____ ```

Answer 38

``` AD X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 ```