NM Brain Anatomy Flashcards
What are the 6 lobes of the hemispheres?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic, insular
In the frontal lobe, the pre-central gyrus is the _____ area for _____ muscle activation
Motor
Voluntary
The prefrontal cortex controls what two things?
Emotions and judgement
Where is Broca’s area located, and what does it control?
Frontal lobe
Motor aspects of speech
The parietal lobe contains the post central gyrus which is….?
Primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation
The post central gyrus receives fibers conveying what 4 sensations from the opposite side of the body?
Touch, proprioception, pain, temperature
The temporal lobe is the primary _____ cortex
Auditory
Wernicke’s area is located where, and what is it responsible for?
Temporal lobe
Language comprehension
The occipital lobe is the primary _____ cortex
Visual
The insula lies deep within the ______ sulcus and is responsible for _______ functions
Lateral
Visceral
The _______ lobe contains the cingulate, parahippocampal, and subcallosal gyri, hippocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nuclei of thalamus
Limbic
This lobe is the oldest part of the brain
Limbic lobe
The limbic lobe is responsible for _____ and _____
Instincts and emotions
What lobe is responsible for feeding, aggression, and endocrine aspects of sexual response?
Limbic lobe
The cerebral hemispheres are also known as the _________ and are convolutions of _______ matter
Telencephalon
Gray
What structures are part of the telencephalon?
Gray matter (cerebral hemispheres) White matter (transverse fibers, projection fibers, association fibers) Basal ganglia
Basal ganglia is masses of _____ matter
Gray
Basal ganglia consists of what 4 things?
Striatum (caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, putamen)
Globes pallidus
Subthalamic nuclei
Substantia nigra
The lenticular nucleus consists of what two structures?
Putamen and globus pallidus
What are the 3 circuits?
Oculomotor circuit
Motor loop
Limbic circuit
The oculomotor circuit (_______ loop) functions with what?
Caudate loop
Saccadic eye movements
The motor loop (________ loop) functions to….
Putamen loop
Scale amplitude and velocity of movements
Suppresses conflicting patterns
Preparatory for movement
The limbic circuit functions to do what?
Organize behaviors (exec functions, problem solving) and for procedural learning
What does the diencephalon consist of?
Thalamus
Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus contains what 3 things?
Sensory nuclei, motor nuclei, other nuclei
The sensory nuclei in thalamus integrate and relay sensory information from the all sensory receptors EXCEPT
Olfaction
Motor nuclei relay motor information from _____ and _______ to precentral motor cortex
Cerebellum and GP
Other nuclei of the thalamus assist in integration of _____ and _____ functions
Visceral and somatic
The subthalamus is involved in control fo several functional pathways for ____, _____, and _____ functions
Sensory
Motor
Reticular
The hypothalamus integrates and controls the functions of the ______ and the ________ system
ANS
Neuroendocrine
The hypothalamus maintains ______ ____________
Body homeostasis
The epithalamus has what two structures?
The habenular nuclei
Pineal gland
The habenular nuclei integrate ____, _____ and ______ afferent pathways
Olfactory
Visceral
Somatic
The pineal gland secretes hormones that influence the ______ gland and several other organs
Also influences ______ _______
Pituitary gland
Circadian rhythm
The brainstem consists of what 3 structures?
Midbrain (mesencephalon)
Pons
Medulla oblongata
The midbrain connects the ____ to the _____
Pons to the cerebrum
The superior peduncle connects the _____ to the _____
Midbrain
Cerebellum
The ___________ contains ALL ascending tracts and some descending tracts
Tegmentum
The ____ ______ received fibers from the cerebellum
Red nucleus
The red nucleus is the origin for what tract?
Rubrospinal tract
The substantia nigra is a large motor nucleus connecting with the ________ and ________
Basal ganglia and cortex
The substantia nigra is important in what two things?
Motor control and muscle tone
The superior colliculus is an important relay station for _____ and _____ reflexes
VISION
VISUAL
The periaqueductal gray contains _______ producing cells and ________ autonomic tracts
Endorphin
Descending
Pons: Connects the ______ to the ______
Medulla oblongata to the midbrain
Midline raphe nuclei are important for modulating _____ and controlling ______
Pain
Arousal
Pons tegmentum contains several important cranial nerve nuclei including what?
CN 5, 6, 7, 8
The medulla oblongata connects _____ with _____
SC with pons
The medulla contains relay nuclei of dorsal columns (gracilis and cuneatus), fibers cross and give rise to ____ _____
Medial lemniscus
The inferior cerebellar peduncle relays dorsal ________ tract to cerebellum
Spinocerebellar
The corticospinal tracts deccusate in the ________
Pyramids
Medial longitudinal fasciculus is important for what?
Control of head movements and gaze stab (VOR)
Olivary nucleus complex connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for ______ _____ ______
Voluntary movement control
Medulla contains what CN nuclei?
8, 10, 12
The medulla contains important centers for vital functions: including what 3 things?
Cardiac
Respiratory and
Vasomotor centers
Cerebellum has __ hemispheres and midline _____; cerebellar cortex, underlying _____ matter, and _____ paired deep nuclei
2
Vermis
White
4
Archicerebellum (__________ lobe) connects with the ______ system and is concerned with ______ and regulation of ____ ______
Helps coordinate ___________
Flocculonodular
Vestibular
Equilibirum
Muscle tone
VOR
Paleocerebellum ( ____________, anterior lobe) receives input from ________ pathways and is concerned with modifying ______ _____ and synergistic actions of muscles.
It is important in maintenance of ________ and voluntary movement control
Spinocerebellum
Proprioceptive
Muscle tone
Posture
Neocerebellum (cerebellar hemisphere, posterior lobe) received input from _____________ tracts and _________ fibers
It is concerned with the smooth contraction of ________ movements
Ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement.
Important for what else? (3 things)
May have a role in assisting cognitive function and _____ ______
Corticopontocerebellar tracts and olivocerebellar fibers
Voluntary
Important for motor learning, sequencing or movements, and visually trigger movements
Mental imagery
The midbrain contains what CN nuclei?
CN 3, 4
The ______ colliculus is the relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes
Inferior
