NM Diff Dx CNS Disorders Flashcards by Katherine Nadelberg

Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Disorder:

A

Stroke

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Sensation:

A

Impaired/absent

Depending on lesion location; C/L sensory loss

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Tone:

A

Hypertonic/spasticity;
Class-knife phenomena
Spasticity is velocity dependent
With cerebral shock… may see initial flaccidity

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Reflexes

A

Increased- hyperreflexia

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Strength

A

C/L weakness or paralysis: hemiplegia

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Bulk:

A

Normal: acute

Disuse atrophy: chronic

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Involuntary movements

A

Spasm

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Voluntary movements

A

Dyssynergic: Abnormal timing, co-activation, activation, fatigability

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Postural:

A

Impaired or absent

Depends on lesion location

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Q

Cerebral cortex/corticospinal tracts:

Gait

A

Impaired: gait deficits due to abn synergies, spasticity, timing deficits

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Disorder:

A

Parkinsonism

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Sensation

A

Not affected

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Tone

A

Leadpipe rigidity: uniform increased resistance to movement
Cogwheel rigidity: ratchet-like resistance to movement
Rigidity is NOT velocity dependent

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Reflexes

A

Normal
Or
May be decreased- hyporeflexia

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Strength

A

Slowness of movement

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Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Bulk

A

Normal or

Disuse atrophy

Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Involuntary movements:

A

Resting tremor

Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Voluntary movements

A

Bradykinesia/akinensia: slowness, lack of spontaneous and automatic movements

Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Postural

A

Impaired: stooped

Q

Basal ganglia: Subcortical gray:

Gait

A

Impaired: shuffling, destinations

Q

Cerebellum:

Disorder

A

Cerebellar lesion: tumor, stroke

Q

Cerebellum:

Sensation

A

Not affected

Q

Cerebellum:

Tone

A

Normal or

May be decreased

Q

Cerebellum:

Reflexes

A

Normal or may be decreased/hyporeflexia

Cerebellum: | Strength

Normal or weak: Asthenia

Cerebellum: | Bulk

Normal

Cerebellum: | Involuntary movements

None

Cerebellum: | Voluntary movements

``` Ataxia: intention tremor Dysdiadochokinesia Dysmetria Dyssynergia Nystagmus ```

Cerebellum: | Gait

Impaired: ataxia gait deficits Wide BOS Unsteady

Spinal cord: | Disorder

SCI: trauma, complete, incomplete

Spinal cord: | Sensation:

Impaired or absent below level of lesion

Spinal cord: | Tone

Hypertonic/spasticity below the level of the lesion | Initial flaccidity due to spinal shock

Spinal cord: | Reflexes

Increased/hyperreflexia

Spinal cord: | Strength

Impaired or absent below the level of the lesion Paraplegia or tetraplegia (quadriplegia) Side note: Tetraplegia occurs in all 4 extremities and trunk from injury between C1-C8 Paraplegia occurs between T1 and T12/L1 and involves both LE and trunk

Spinal cord: | Bulk

Disuse atrophy

Spinal cord: | Involuntary movements:

Spasms

Spinal cord: | Voluntary movement

Intact: above level of lesion

Spinal cord: | Postural

Impaired below level of lesion

Spinal cord: | Gait

Impaired or absent: depends on level of lesion