Nitrogen Metabolism Flashcards
During transamination, amino group of an amino acid is transferred to ____, forming _____
A-ketoglutarate
Glutamate
Most amino acid degradation occurs in the ______
Liver
All amino acid, except _____ can participate in transamination
Lysine
Threonine
Transamination reaction are catalyzed by ____, and requires ___ as coenzyme
Aminotransferase Pyridoxal phosphate(PLP)
alanine amino transferase converts alanine to ______
Pyruvate
Aspartate amino transferase converts aspartate to _____
Oxaloacetate
Oxidative deamination occurs in the ____
Mitochondria
Glutamate dehydrogenase is inhibited by ____ and activated by ______
ATP GTP NADH
ADP GDP
Glutamine is made from glutamate using the enzyme ______, the enzyme adds a ____ to glutamate
Glutamate synthetase
NH4+ ammonia
Glutamine is converted back to glutamate by _____ in the liver
Glutaminase
_____ converts IMP to AMP, _____ converts IMP to GMP
Adenylsuccinate synthetase
IMP dehydrogenase
The base of IMP (inosine mono phosphate) is ___
Hypoxanthine
Hypoxanthine + PRPP = ______
Catalyzed by ____
IMP
HGPRT
Xanthine is converted to Uric acid by ____
Xanthine oxidase
Endonuclease converts ___ to ____
Nucleus acid
Monophosphate
___ and ____ convert mono phosphate to nucleoside
Phosphatase
5-nucleotidase
____ converts guanosine to guanine
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
_____ converts inosine to hypoxanthine
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)
In the kidney, glutamine is converted to ____ and ____ by glutaminase, in the intestine, glutamine is used for ______
Glutamate NH3
Energy
In a normal healthy individual, amino acid is supplied in 3 sources:
Dietary protein
Glucose
Body protein
Amino acid is depleted when its carbon skeleton is used for ____, to make body protein, its also depleted by compounds that need ___
Energy
Nitrogen
Synthesis of urea occurs in 4 stages 1. 2. 3. 4. Urea cycle
Transamination
Oxidative deamination
Transport of ammonia
Removal of _____ is an obligatory step in oxidative degradation of amino acids
Amino group
Under starvation, urea production is ____
Increased
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase converts _______ to carbmoyl phosphate
Ammonia+Co2+ATP
Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase is activated by _______, which is activated by argnine
N-acetylglutamate
_____ provides nitrogen in the urea cycle
NH3
Aspartate
