Integration Of Fuel Metabolism Flashcards
Glycogen synthase is activated by the ________ that occurs when insulin is ____ and glucagon is _____
Dephosphorylation
Elevated
Decreased
In the conversion of G-6-P to glycogen, the key regulatory enzyme is _____
Glycogen synthase
Glucokinase is a liver enzyme that has a High Km for ______
Glucose
Glycolysis is needed for both ____ production and ___ synthesis
Energy
TG
Reduced energy consumption increases level of ______ and decrease the level of ____ , slowing down citric acid cycle
NADH
ADP
Increased cytosolic _____ promotes synthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol
Acetyl-coA
LPL in adipose tissue has higher _____ than those in muscle, and is most active in ___ state
Km
Fed
_____ stimulates the secretion of LPL from adipose tissue
Insulin
The ___ tissue cannot utilize the glycerol derived from TG as it lacks ______
Adipose
Glycerol kinase
In fed state, insulin increase the number of glucose transporter in _______, promoting absorption of glucose
Adipocyte
The oxidation of glucose in adipocyte produces the energy and ___ for TG synthesis
Glycerol 3-phosphate
High NADH/NAD+ ratio diverts oxaloacetate into ____ to exit mitochondria and participate in _____
Malate
Gluconeogensis
High ____ level inhibits isocitrate dehydrogenase, leading to citrate accumulation and product inhibition of citrate synthase
NADH
As blood glucose drops, insulin level ____, the number of _____ transporter in the muscle plasma membrane is reduced, leading to reduced glucose uptake
Decrease
Glut4
Low level of ____ causes activation of CPTI
Malonyl-coA
During fasting, as blood insulin level fall and glucagon level rise, the level of cAMP _____ in adipose cells, consequently, protein kinase A is activated and cause phosphorylation of _____
Increases
Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
Glucokinase is a liver enzyme that has high Km for _____, because of the enzyme’s ___ affinity for glucose, the enzyme is most active in fed state.
Glucose
Low
The lipoprotein triacylglycerols in chylomicron and VLDL are hydrolyzed to fatty acid and glycerol by _____
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
