NII: WW1 & 1917 Flashcards

1
Q

What had the 3 years of little success at WW1 done to Russia?

A

Put great strain on military machine, economic stability and the political structure of Tsarist Russia.

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2
Q

What did WW1 cause socially?

A

Mass discontent in cities and growing criticism from the Duma.

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3
Q

What did WW1 result in for Tsarism?

A

Undermined loyalty of army to Tsar and caused desertion on the front line.

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4
Q

What had Nicholas ordered in July 1914?

A

General mobilisation.

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5
Q

What did Nicholas do in 1915?

A

Left Petrograd for the frontline and left the Tsarina Alexandra in charge of government.

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6
Q

How did Rasputin affect the strength of Tsarism?

A

Alienated the aristocracy and illustrated the ills of Tsarism.

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7
Q

What were the main four causes of the Feb 1917 revolution?

A
  1. WW1.
  2. Nicholas II’s character and actions.
  3. Effects of agricultural and industrial change.
  4. Revolutionary groups.
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8
Q

How did industrialisation cause the February 1917 revolution?

A
Increased proletariat living in poor conditions. 
Middle class growth, they became increasingly critical of the regime.
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9
Q

How did agricultural reform cause the Feb 1917 revolution?

A

Land question was still unsolved despite Stolypin’s reforms.

Failure to supply sufficient grain during the war, causing urban discontent.

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10
Q

How did failures in reform result in the Feb 1917 revolution?

A

Duma was not fully accepted within autocracy.

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11
Q

What happened on 23rd Feb?

A

International Women’s Day Strike.

1000s of women marched going to the Vyborg district to taunt the men.

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12
Q

What happened on 25th Feb?

A

Petrograd was paralysed in a city-wide strike.

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13
Q

Where was the Tsar on 25th Feb?

A

400 miles away at Mogilev.

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14
Q

What did the Petrograd Garrison troops do?

A

Only a few thousand of the 150,000 troops remained loyal, the rest deserted.

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15
Q

Why did the Petrograd Garrison troops desert?

A

Many of the soldiers were peasants and young reservists, who identified more easily with the people.

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16
Q

What did Nicholas order on 27th Feb?

A

The Duma to dissolve.

17
Q

What was the provisional government formed out of?

A

The Progressive Bloc - 12 members.

18
Q

What occurred on 28th Feb?

A

Soviet published Izvestiya - The News, promises to wipe out old Tsarist system completely.

19
Q

What did Nicholas attempt to do on 28th Feb?

A

Decided to return to Petrograd, but the Royal Train was intercepted.

20
Q

Who advised the Tsar to abdicate?

A

Alekseev, the Chief of General Staff.

Other officers followed suit.

21
Q

What happened on 2nd March?

A

Nicholas renounced the throne for himself and his son, and nominated his brother Grand Duke Michael, who declined.

22
Q

What was stated on 3rd March?

A

New Government informed the world of Revolution.

23
Q

What was Russia’s involvement in WW1 partly a result of?

A

A failure to resolve the Eastern Question satisfactorily, evident in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13.

24
Q

What were the Russian casualties for WWI?

A

8 million.

25
Q

What did NII become in August 1915 when he left for the frontline?

A

Commander in Chief.

26
Q

When did Lenin return to Russia?

A

1917.

27
Q

How much of the workforce demonstrated in July 1914 general strikes in Petrograd?

A

25%

28
Q

How much of the workforce were involved in the February 1917 strikes?

A

4/5

29
Q

Who advised the Tsar to abdicate?

A

Alekseev, the Chief of General Staff.

30
Q

When did NII renounce the throne for himself and his son?

A

2nd March 1917.