NII: WW1 & 1917 Flashcards
What had the 3 years of little success at WW1 done to Russia?
Put great strain on military machine, economic stability and the political structure of Tsarist Russia.
What did WW1 cause socially?
Mass discontent in cities and growing criticism from the Duma.
What did WW1 result in for Tsarism?
Undermined loyalty of army to Tsar and caused desertion on the front line.
What had Nicholas ordered in July 1914?
General mobilisation.
What did Nicholas do in 1915?
Left Petrograd for the frontline and left the Tsarina Alexandra in charge of government.
How did Rasputin affect the strength of Tsarism?
Alienated the aristocracy and illustrated the ills of Tsarism.
What were the main four causes of the Feb 1917 revolution?
- WW1.
- Nicholas II’s character and actions.
- Effects of agricultural and industrial change.
- Revolutionary groups.
How did industrialisation cause the February 1917 revolution?
Increased proletariat living in poor conditions. Middle class growth, they became increasingly critical of the regime.
How did agricultural reform cause the Feb 1917 revolution?
Land question was still unsolved despite Stolypin’s reforms.
Failure to supply sufficient grain during the war, causing urban discontent.
How did failures in reform result in the Feb 1917 revolution?
Duma was not fully accepted within autocracy.
What happened on 23rd Feb?
International Women’s Day Strike.
1000s of women marched going to the Vyborg district to taunt the men.
What happened on 25th Feb?
Petrograd was paralysed in a city-wide strike.
Where was the Tsar on 25th Feb?
400 miles away at Mogilev.
What did the Petrograd Garrison troops do?
Only a few thousand of the 150,000 troops remained loyal, the rest deserted.
Why did the Petrograd Garrison troops desert?
Many of the soldiers were peasants and young reservists, who identified more easily with the people.
What did Nicholas order on 27th Feb?
The Duma to dissolve.
What was the provisional government formed out of?
The Progressive Bloc - 12 members.
What occurred on 28th Feb?
Soviet published Izvestiya - The News, promises to wipe out old Tsarist system completely.
What did Nicholas attempt to do on 28th Feb?
Decided to return to Petrograd, but the Royal Train was intercepted.
Who advised the Tsar to abdicate?
Alekseev, the Chief of General Staff.
Other officers followed suit.
What happened on 2nd March?
Nicholas renounced the throne for himself and his son, and nominated his brother Grand Duke Michael, who declined.
What was stated on 3rd March?
New Government informed the world of Revolution.
What was Russia’s involvement in WW1 partly a result of?
A failure to resolve the Eastern Question satisfactorily, evident in the Balkan Wars of 1912-13.
What were the Russian casualties for WWI?
8 million.
