NII: JAPANESE WAR & 1905 Flashcards

1
Q

Where had tensions risen between Russia and Japan prior to 1904?

A

Quarrelled for many years over Korea and Manchuria.

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2
Q

What had happened in February 1904?

A

The Japanese attacked Port Arthur.

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3
Q

What was the first major battle between Japan and Russia? What was the outcome?

A

Battle of Yalu.

Russians were defeated.

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4
Q

What was the final straw for the Russian fleet?

When?

A

The humiliating defeat at the Battle of Mukden.

February 1905.

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5
Q

Who was blamed for Russia’s loss in the war?

A

The Tsar and his government as the country was considered to be inferior in every sense.

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6
Q

Who was assassinated in July 1904?

A

Plehve, Minister of the Interior.

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7
Q

What happened in November 1904 regarding Zemstvo?

A

Zemstvo Congress met unofficially in St Petersburg and called for constitutional reform.

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8
Q

How many workers were on strike in January 1905?

A

120,000.

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9
Q

What significant event occurred on the 9th of January 1905?

A

Bloody Sunday.

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10
Q

What was Bloody Sunday?

A

Peaceful protest about economic issues by strikers, led by Father Gapon to winter palace.
Troops opened fire and shot 200 dead.

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11
Q

What were the protestors on Bloody Sunday protesting about?

A

Economic/Social factors.

Workers rights - shorter working days and better pay.

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12
Q

Where is there evidence of the Bloody Sunday protestors being pro-Tsar?

A

Carried idols of Nicholas as they marched. In their list of demands they refer to Nicholas as ‘Sovereign’.

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13
Q

What was the name of the strike that started in early January 1905?

A

The Putilov Strike.

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14
Q

How many workers were on strike by the end of Jan 1905?

A

400,000.

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15
Q

By the autumn of 1905, how many workers were on strike?

A

Around 2,500,000.

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16
Q

Who was assassinated in February 1905?

A

Grand Duke Sergei (Tsars uncle).

17
Q

What did Nicholas propose on the 18th of Feb? Why?

A

An Advisory Assembly.

In an attempt to restore order.

18
Q

What treaty ended the Russo-Japanese war?

A

Treaty of Portsmouth, August 1905.

19
Q

Which group assassinated Grand Duke Sergei?

A

The SRs.

20
Q

What was the St Petersburg Soviet? Who was the chairman?

A

Influential soviet organised to co-ordinate strikes.

Trotsky.

21
Q

What does the Tsar agree to on the 13th October 1905?

A

A unified cabinet, with Witte as chairman.

22
Q

What was passed significantly on the 17th of October?

A

The October Manifesto.

23
Q

What did the October Manifesto do?

A

Constitution which elected a legislative duma.

24
Q

Which two groups formed out of the liberals after the October Manifesto?

A

The Octoberists = satisfied liberals.

The Kadets = wanted further political change.

25
Q

What three concessions did the October Manifesto offer?

A
  1. Civic freedom.
  2. Participation in the Duma from more deprived classes.
  3. Law cannot be effective without Duma approval.
26
Q

What were the two underlying downsides to the concessions offered in the October Manifesto?

A
  1. Duma was to be consultative.

2. Duma was not elected by direct universal suffrage.

27
Q

What happened in December 1905?

A

Bolshevik insurrection occurs.

28
Q

How serious was the level of opposition in 1905?

A

Not as serious as the threat by 1917.

29
Q

Give three reasons why the opposition in 1905 was weak.

A
  1. Rebellious groups did not agitate at the same time.
  2. Only moderate opposition.
  3. The Tsar had a loyal following.
30
Q

Give three actions the Tsar took to suppress revolution in 1905.

A
  1. Gave concessions i.e. October Manifesto.
  2. The army was used to suppress.
  3. Competent advisors such as Witte advised.
31
Q

How did the Japanese war affect the 1905 revolution?

A

The situation was not helped by 90,000 soldiers dying at the Battle of Mukden, for Russia to lose.

32
Q

What did a group of moderate liberal professionals form? Who led it?

A

Unions of their own, which had more extreme demands than the zemstva liberals. ‘Union of Unions’, led by Milyukov.

33
Q

What did Witte warn the Council of Ministers?

A

That the country was on the verge of revolution.