NII: JAPANESE WAR & 1905

Question 1

Where had tensions risen between Russia and Japan prior to 1904?

Answer 1

Quarrelled for many years over Korea and Manchuria.

Question 2

What had happened in February 1904?

Answer 2

The Japanese attacked Port Arthur.

Question 3

What was the first major battle between Japan and Russia? What was the outcome?

Answer 3

Battle of Yalu.

Russians were defeated.

Question 4

What was the final straw for the Russian fleet?

When?

Answer 4

The humiliating defeat at the Battle of Mukden.

February 1905.

Question 5

Who was blamed for Russia’s loss in the war?

Answer 5

The Tsar and his government as the country was considered to be inferior in every sense.

Question 6

Who was assassinated in July 1904?

Answer 6

Plehve, Minister of the Interior.

Question 7

What happened in November 1904 regarding Zemstvo?

Answer 7

Zemstvo Congress met unofficially in St Petersburg and called for constitutional reform.

Question 8

How many workers were on strike in January 1905?

Answer 8

120,000.

Question 9

What significant event occurred on the 9th of January 1905?

Answer 9

Bloody Sunday.

Question 10

What was Bloody Sunday?

Answer 10

Peaceful protest about economic issues by strikers, led by Father Gapon to winter palace.
Troops opened fire and shot 200 dead.

Question 11

What were the protestors on Bloody Sunday protesting about?

Answer 11

Economic/Social factors.

Workers rights - shorter working days and better pay.

Question 12

Where is there evidence of the Bloody Sunday protestors being pro-Tsar?

Answer 12

Carried idols of Nicholas as they marched. In their list of demands they refer to Nicholas as ‘Sovereign’.

Question 13

What was the name of the strike that started in early January 1905?

Answer 13

The Putilov Strike.

Question 14

How many workers were on strike by the end of Jan 1905?

Answer 14

400,000.

Question 15

By the autumn of 1905, how many workers were on strike?

Answer 15

Around 2,500,000.

Question 16

Who was assassinated in February 1905?

Answer 16

Grand Duke Sergei (Tsars uncle).

Question 17

What did Nicholas propose on the 18th of Feb? Why?

Answer 17

An Advisory Assembly.

In an attempt to restore order.

Question 18

What treaty ended the Russo-Japanese war?

Answer 18

Treaty of Portsmouth, August 1905.

Question 19

Which group assassinated Grand Duke Sergei?

Answer 19

The SRs.

Question 20

What was the St Petersburg Soviet? Who was the chairman?

Answer 20

Influential soviet organised to co-ordinate strikes.

Trotsky.

Question 21

What does the Tsar agree to on the 13th October 1905?

Answer 21

A unified cabinet, with Witte as chairman.

Question 22

What was passed significantly on the 17th of October?

Answer 22

The October Manifesto.

Question 23

What did the October Manifesto do?

Answer 23

Constitution which elected a legislative duma.

Question 24

Which two groups formed out of the liberals after the October Manifesto?

Answer 24

The Octoberists = satisfied liberals.

The Kadets = wanted further political change.

Question 25

What three concessions did the October Manifesto offer?

Answer 25

1. Civic freedom.
2. Participation in the Duma from more deprived classes.
3. Law cannot be effective without Duma approval.

Question 26

What were the two underlying downsides to the concessions offered in the October Manifesto?

Answer 26

1. Duma was to be consultative.

2. Duma was not elected by direct universal suffrage.

Question 27

What happened in December 1905?

Answer 27

Bolshevik insurrection occurs.

Question 28

How serious was the level of opposition in 1905?

Answer 28

Not as serious as the threat by 1917.

Question 29

Give three reasons why the opposition in 1905 was weak.

Answer 29

1. Rebellious groups did not agitate at the same time.
2. Only moderate opposition.
3. The Tsar had a loyal following.

Question 30

Give three actions the Tsar took to suppress revolution in 1905.

Answer 30

1. Gave concessions i.e. October Manifesto.
2. The army was used to suppress.
3. Competent advisors such as Witte advised.

Question 31

How did the Japanese war affect the 1905 revolution?

Answer 31

The situation was not helped by 90,000 soldiers dying at the Battle of Mukden, for Russia to lose.

Question 32

What did a group of moderate liberal professionals form? Who led it?

Answer 32

Unions of their own, which had more extreme demands than the zemstva liberals. ‘Union of Unions’, led by Milyukov.

Question 33

What did Witte warn the Council of Ministers?

Answer 33

That the country was on the verge of revolution.