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Pediatric PT > NICU > Flashcards

NICU Flashcards

1
Q

The survival rate of preterm infants is (decreasing/increasing)

A

increasing

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2
Q

What is the leading cause of long term neuro disabilities in children?

A

preterm birth

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3
Q

1 in ___ infants are born prematurely each year

A

1 in 10

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4
Q

Premature babies cost __x more than healthy babies

A

10 x

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5
Q

Premature rates are highest in infants who are (caucasion/black/latino)

A

black

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6
Q

Preterm babies are born at __-__ weeks

A

23-25

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7
Q

80% of infants born after __ weeks survive.

A

26

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8
Q

The survival rate of birth at 30 weeks is __%

A

90%

–> increases 1% each week after

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9
Q

(smaller/larger) babies are more likely to be preterm

A

larger

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10
Q

What is the leading cause of infant death in the US as of 2020?

A

congenital malformations

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11
Q

Premature birth is birth before ___ weeks.

A

37 weeks

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12
Q

Most NICU birth weights are < ___ grams

A

2500 grams

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13
Q

definition: head size significantly below the median of the infant’s age and sex

A

microcephaly

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14
Q

definition: Full term infant who has had a significant episode of intrapartum asphyxia

A

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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15
Q

definition: Intrauterine development of amniochorionic strands leading to limb and digital amputations / constrictions and other deformities

A

amniotic band syndrome

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16
Q

definition: Malformation of the spinal cord resulting from defective closure of the neural tube

A

myelomeningocele

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17
Q

definition: Assessment of physiological function that is assigned to all infants at 1 and 5 minutes after birth

A

APGAR

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18
Q

Low AGPAR scores are associated with _____ complications.

A

neuro

–> increases risk for CP and epilepsy

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19
Q

What is the more prevalent disability related to prematurity?

A

CP

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20
Q

32-50% of infants born before ___ weeks gestation OR weighing less than 1500 grams are diagnosed with IVH

A

32 weeks

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21
Q

IVH may lead to ____.

A

hydrocephalus

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22
Q

definition: bleeding in the ventricles of the brain; detected on cranial ultrasound

A

IVH

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23
Q

Why is IVH a concern?

A

Bleeding in the brain can put pressure on the nerve cells and damage them. Severe damage to cells can lead to brain injury.

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24
Q

Nearly all IVH cases occur within the first ___ days of life.

A

3 days

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25
Q

What are s/s of IVH?

A
  • apnea
  • pale/blue coloring
  • weak sucking
  • high pitched cry
  • Sz
  • swelling of the fontenelles
  • anemia
26
Q

definition: Ischemic infarction of white matter adjacent to the lateral ventricles

A

Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL)

27
Q

How is PVL diagnosed?

A

MRI after d/c from the NICU

28
Q

PVL is very common in premature infants with ___.

A

CP

29
Q

What is the leading cause of mortality in neonates?

A

RDS (Respiratory distress syndrome)

30
Q

What are the risk factors for RDS?

A
  • premature
  • LBW
  • low AGPAR
  • increased maternal age
  • gestational DM
  • neonatal transport
31
Q

What are causes of RDS?

A
  • pulmonary immaturity
  • deficiency of surfactant
32
Q

What are s/s of RDS?

A
  • rapid breathing
  • SOB
  • nasal flaring
  • apnea
  • blue skin color
  • swollen arms or legs
33
Q

What are treatments for RDS?

A
  • oxygen supplementation
  • assisted ventilation
  • surfactant
  • ECMO
34
Q

definition: inflammation and scarring of the lungs

A

BPD/chronic lung disease

35
Q

BPD is associated with ___ for > 28 days.

A

ventilation

36
Q

What are causes of BPD?

A
  • prematurity
  • assisted ventilation
  • pulmonary oxygen toxicity
37
Q

What are treatment options for BPD?

A
  • respiratory support
  • nutrition
  • infection control
  • bronchodilator
  • steroid therapy
38
Q

___% of toddlers who had BPD had abnormal findings on their CT scan and ___% had current respiratory symptoms.

A

90%; 25%

39
Q

definition: Respiratory distress in an infant born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid whose symptoms cannot be otherwise explained

A

meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

40
Q

20% of infants with MAS have delays at age ____.

A

3 y/o

41
Q

definition: Abnormal development of vascularization of the retina that can lead to severe visual impairments

A

retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

42
Q

Who is at risk of ROP?

A
  • prolonged duration of oxygen
  • presence of concomitant neonatal sepsis
  • BPD
  • IVH
  • PDA
  • NEC
43
Q

What are medical treatments for ROP?

A
  • cryotherapy
  • laser surgery
44
Q

Level of care: well newborn nursery; basic level of care to low risk infants

A

level 1

45
Q

level of care: care for stable or moderately ill infants (>32 weeks)

A

Level 2

46
Q

Level of care: prepared for smallest and most ill infants; neonatologist and range of specialists on staff; neonatal therapist (PT or OT) on staff

A

Level III

47
Q

level of care: all level III capabilities, plus experience in caring for most complex/ill infants

A

level IV

48
Q

What are infants at increased risk of forming if they have toxic stress?

A

Violent suicide attempts
Cardiovascular disease
Obesity
Metabolic syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Mental health disorders

49
Q

Infants with Toxic stress has symptoms of ___.

A

ADHD

50
Q

(true/false) Premature infant screening should have the infant’s development being assessed using the adjusted age.

A

true
–> Use the baby’s due date… not birthday
–> do this until the infant is 2 y/o

51
Q

What often determines d/c?

A

Feeding

52
Q

When does suck swallow reflex begin in preterm babies?

A

28-30 weeks –> poorly coordinated until weeks 33-35

53
Q

What is the important defense against aspiration?

A

gag reflex

54
Q

What are contraindications to handling indicating that the exam should be modified or stopped?

A
  • skin color change
  • hiccups
  • finger splays
  • LE stiffness
  • frowning
  • turning from stimulus

–> infants may be experiencing a medical complication

55
Q

Who primarily performs infant massage?

A

parents

56
Q

What treatment has positive effects on infants exposed to HIV and cocaine?

A

infant massage

57
Q

What position assists in maintaining flexion?

A

sidelying

58
Q

(true/false) switch sides that you hold babies to prevent preferential head positioning over the shoulder that can cause torticollis

A

true

59
Q

Infants have more difficulty coping with exposure to light and noise if they’re < ___ weeks

A

< 32 weeks

60
Q

definition: skin to skin contact

A

Kangaroo care

Pediatric PT (14 decks)

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