Autism and Idiopathic toe walking Flashcards
What population is more common to have ASD?
boys
1 in 36 children (10% higher than 2014)
What tests did children with ITW perform poorer on?
BOTMP and Sensory profile
Children with ITW are (hyposensitive/hypersensitive) to tactile stimuli
hyersensitive
What are some features and dx that are common with ITW?
- speech and language deficit
- sensory processing difficulty
- vestibular disorder
- hypo/hypersensitivity
- skeletal changes in the foot
- CP
- dystrophy
- ASD
- spinal muscular atrophy
- clubfoot
- charcot-marie tooth disease
What is idiopathic toe walking?
bilateral lack of heel strike
How do you diagnose ITW?
exclusion of other pathologies
What population commonly presents with ITW?
males
Those who have family members that had ITW in childhood had higher risk
What is ASD?
developmental disorder of a neurobiological origin
Spectrum disorder
What do children with autism have problems with?
- social interaction
- pretend play
- communication
- limited activity
- limited interests
What is the difference between autism and asperger’s syndrome?
- Those with asperger’s have average or above average intelligence and develop normally with language and cognition
- have problems concentrating
- may have poor coordination
Children with this rare condition begin their development normally in all areas, physical and mental. At some point, usually between 2 and 10 years of age, a child with this illness loses many of the skills he or she has developed. In addition to the loss of social and language skills, a child with disintegrative disorder may lose control of other functions, including bowel and bladder control.
Childhood disintegrative disorder
Children with this very rare disorder have the symptoms associated with a PDD and also suffer problems with physical development. They generally suffer the loss of many motor or movement, skills – such as walking and use of their hands – and develop poor coordination.
Rett’s syndrome
Who commonly presents with Rett’s syndrome? Why?
Females because this condition has been linked to a defect on the X chromosome
This category is used to refer to children who have significant problems with communication and play, and some difficulty interacting with others, but are too social to be considered autistic.
Pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)
What are the 5 type of pervasive disorders?
- autism
- asperger’s
- childhood disintegrative disorder
- Rett’s syndrome
- PDD-NOS
What is the difference between DSM-IV and DSM-V when diagnosing ASD?
DSM-V allows ASD to be diagnosed with other disorders
- Mood disorder
- Intellectual disability
- Social communication disorder
- ADHD
- Social phobia
- OCD
How many levels of severity are there when grading ASD? What level is the least severe?
3 levels:
1 is least severe
3 is most severe
Why has prevalence of ASD increased?
We now have efficient tests to rule in ASD
What are social interaction characteristics in children with ASD?
- Make little eye contact
- Attend less to people in environment
- Do not readily point or show things to others
- Respond unusually when others show anger, distress, or affection
- Do not respond to social cues
- Inability to interpret gestures, facial expressions, and other nonverbal communication
What are the social communication issues in children with ASD?
- Fail or be slow to respond to name or attempts to get attention
- Fail or slow to develop gestures such as pointing
- Coo or babble, then stop doing so
- Delayed language development
- Speak in single words or repeat certain phrases (echolalia)
- Difficulty with back and forth of conversation
What are co-occurring conditions with ASD?
- ADHD
- Communication disorders
- Epilepsy
- GI disorders
- Intellectual disability
- Learning disabilities
- Motor planning disorders
- Obesity
- Psychiatric disorders
** Sensory processing disorders
** Sleep disorders - Tic disorders
- Toe walking
(true/false) Children with ASD prefer to be around people
False
Prefer to be alone due to having difficulty with mixing with others
(true/false) Children with ASD has no fear to danger
true
(true/false) Children with ASD act as if they’re deaf although hearing tests in normal range.
true
(true/false) Children with ASD want to be cuddled
False
When is screening recommended for ASD?
18 and 24 months
Reliably diagnosed at 2 y/o
What is the 2 step process for diagnosing ASD?
- general developmental screen
- team evaluation
If delays are identified, refer for additional evaluation
What are the early signs of ASD?
- No big smiles or other warm, joyful expressions by six months or thereafter
- No back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or other facial expressions by nine months or thereafter
- No babbling by 12 months
- No back-and-forth gestures, such as pointing, showing, reaching, or waving by 12 months
- No words by 16 months
- No two-word meaningful phrases (without imitating or repeating) by 24 months
- Any loss of speech or babbling or social skills at any age
No expression of words by __ months is an early sign of ASD
16 months
No back-and-forth gestures such as painting, reaching, or waving by ___ months is an early sign of ASD
12 months
No babbling by ___ months is a sign of early ASD.
12 months
No two-word meaningful phrases without imitating or repeating by ___ months is an early sign of ASD
24 months
What screening tool is used for ASD at 16-48 months?
M-CHAT
What screening tool is used for ASD at 18-48 months?
PDDST-II
What screening tool is used for ASD at 24-36 months?
STAT
What screening tool is used for ASD when > 4 y/o?
SCQ
What ASD diagnostic tool is used when the patient is > 2 y/o?
ADI-R
CARS-2 *
* most common
What ASD diagnostic tool is used when the patient is > 12 y/o?
ADOS-2
(true/false) Many people with ASD have no family history of ASD
true
suggesting random genetic mutations
What is the cause of ASD?
unknown; possible genetic and environmental role
What are neurologic abnormalities associated with ASD?
- underconnectivity in the brain
- decreased cortical thickness, white matter connecction, and neurochemical concentrations
- inflammation of the glia
What is currently the largest study in the USA that is funded to help identify factors that may put children at risk for ASD?
SEED
(true/false) There is a relationship between transverse myelitis and autism?
true
uncommon
(true/false) vaccines cause autism
false
(true/false) Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism
true
What are the three categories of sensory motor disorders?
- Under responsive
- over responsive
- sensation seeking
(true/false) The severity of sensory modulation correlates to the severity of autism
true
(true/false) motor stereotypes of ASD are obvious within the 1st year.
false
What skill is a predictor of motor outcomes with ASD?
Early motor imitation skills
interventions used: pointing at items and using building blocks
What may be one of the earliest signs of ASD?
Motor impairments
(true/false) Young children with ASD participate in PA at similar levels as peers
true
Adolescents with ASD are ___% less likely to participate in physical activity in PA
60% less
less likely to participate in physical activity as they grow older
Sedentary behavior is associated with poorer physical, mental, social and academic profiles
What are the benefits of aquatic exercise in those with ASD?
- improves sleep habits
- decreased problem behaviors
May be due to sensory input of the aquatic environment
What are intervention strategies for those with ASD?
- physical prompting
- intensive teaching
- teaching meaningful actions
- environmental teaching
What dietary programs can be used for those with ASD?
gluten and casein free
