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Pediatric PT > Autism and Idiopathic toe walking > Flashcards

Autism and Idiopathic toe walking Flashcards

1
Q

What population is more common to have ASD?

A

boys

1 in 36 children (10% higher than 2014)

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2
Q

What tests did children with ITW perform poorer on?

A

BOTMP and Sensory profile

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3
Q

Children with ITW are (hyposensitive/hypersensitive) to tactile stimuli

A

hyersensitive

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4
Q

What are some features and dx that are common with ITW?

A
  • speech and language deficit
  • sensory processing difficulty
  • vestibular disorder
  • hypo/hypersensitivity
  • skeletal changes in the foot
  • CP
  • dystrophy
  • ASD
  • spinal muscular atrophy
  • clubfoot
  • charcot-marie tooth disease
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5
Q

What is idiopathic toe walking?

A

bilateral lack of heel strike

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6
Q

How do you diagnose ITW?

A

exclusion of other pathologies

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7
Q

What population commonly presents with ITW?

A

males

Those who have family members that had ITW in childhood had higher risk

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8
Q

What is ASD?

A

developmental disorder of a neurobiological origin

Spectrum disorder

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9
Q

What do children with autism have problems with?

A
  • social interaction
  • pretend play
  • communication
  • limited activity
  • limited interests
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10
Q

What is the difference between autism and asperger’s syndrome?

A
  • Those with asperger’s have average or above average intelligence and develop normally with language and cognition
  • have problems concentrating
  • may have poor coordination
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11
Q

Children with this rare condition begin their development normally in all areas, physical and mental. At some point, usually between 2 and 10 years of age, a child with this illness loses many of the skills he or she has developed. In addition to the loss of social and language skills, a child with disintegrative disorder may lose control of other functions, including bowel and bladder control.

A

Childhood disintegrative disorder

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12
Q

Children with this very rare disorder have the symptoms associated with a PDD and also suffer problems with physical development. They generally suffer the loss of many motor or movement, skills – such as walking and use of their hands – and develop poor coordination.

A

Rett’s syndrome

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13
Q

Who commonly presents with Rett’s syndrome? Why?

A

Females because this condition has been linked to a defect on the X chromosome

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14
Q

This category is used to refer to children who have significant problems with communication and play, and some difficulty interacting with others, but are too social to be considered autistic.

A

Pervasive development disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

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15
Q

What are the 5 type of pervasive disorders?

A
  1. autism
  2. asperger’s
  3. childhood disintegrative disorder
  4. Rett’s syndrome
  5. PDD-NOS
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16
Q

What is the difference between DSM-IV and DSM-V when diagnosing ASD?

A

DSM-V allows ASD to be diagnosed with other disorders

  • Mood disorder
  • Intellectual disability
  • Social communication disorder
  • ADHD
  • Social phobia
  • OCD
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17
Q

How many levels of severity are there when grading ASD? What level is the least severe?

A

3 levels:
1 is least severe
3 is most severe

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18
Q

Why has prevalence of ASD increased?

A

We now have efficient tests to rule in ASD

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19
Q

What are social interaction characteristics in children with ASD?

A
  • Make little eye contact
  • Attend less to people in environment
  • Do not readily point or show things to others
  • Respond unusually when others show anger, distress, or affection
  • Do not respond to social cues
  • Inability to interpret gestures, facial expressions, and other nonverbal communication
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20
Q

What are the social communication issues in children with ASD?

A
  • Fail or be slow to respond to name or attempts to get attention
  • Fail or slow to develop gestures such as pointing
  • Coo or babble, then stop doing so
  • Delayed language development
  • Speak in single words or repeat certain phrases (echolalia)
  • Difficulty with back and forth of conversation
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21
Q

What are co-occurring conditions with ASD?

A
  • ADHD
  • Communication disorders
  • Epilepsy
  • GI disorders
  • Intellectual disability
  • Learning disabilities
  • Motor planning disorders
  • Obesity
  • Psychiatric disorders
    ** Sensory processing disorders
    **     Sleep disorders
  • Tic disorders
  • Toe walking
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22
Q

(true/false) Children with ASD prefer to be around people

A

False

Prefer to be alone due to having difficulty with mixing with others

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23
Q

(true/false) Children with ASD has no fear to danger

A

true

24
Q

(true/false) Children with ASD act as if they’re deaf although hearing tests in normal range.

A

true

25
Q

(true/false) Children with ASD want to be cuddled

A

False

26
Q

When is screening recommended for ASD?

A

18 and 24 months

Reliably diagnosed at 2 y/o

27
Q

What is the 2 step process for diagnosing ASD?

A
  1. general developmental screen
  2. team evaluation

If delays are identified, refer for additional evaluation

28
Q

What are the early signs of ASD?

A
  • No big smiles or other warm, joyful expressions by six months or thereafter
  • No back-and-forth sharing of sounds, smiles, or other facial expressions by nine months or thereafter
  • No babbling by 12 months
  • No back-and-forth gestures, such as pointing, showing, reaching, or waving by 12 months
  • No words by 16 months
  • No two-word meaningful phrases (without imitating or repeating) by 24 months
  • Any loss of speech or babbling or social skills at any age
29
Q

No expression of words by __ months is an early sign of ASD

A

16 months

30
Q

No back-and-forth gestures such as painting, reaching, or waving by ___ months is an early sign of ASD

A

12 months

31
Q

No babbling by ___ months is a sign of early ASD.

A

12 months

32
Q

No two-word meaningful phrases without imitating or repeating by ___ months is an early sign of ASD

A

24 months

33
Q

What screening tool is used for ASD at 16-48 months?

A

M-CHAT

34
Q

What screening tool is used for ASD at 18-48 months?

A

PDDST-II

35
Q

What screening tool is used for ASD at 24-36 months?

A

STAT

36
Q

What screening tool is used for ASD when > 4 y/o?

A

SCQ

37
Q

What ASD diagnostic tool is used when the patient is > 2 y/o?

A

ADI-R
CARS-2 *

* most common

38
Q

What ASD diagnostic tool is used when the patient is > 12 y/o?

A

ADOS-2

39
Q

(true/false) Many people with ASD have no family history of ASD

A

true

suggesting random genetic mutations

40
Q

What is the cause of ASD?

A

unknown; possible genetic and environmental role

41
Q

What are neurologic abnormalities associated with ASD?

A
  • underconnectivity in the brain
  • decreased cortical thickness, white matter connecction, and neurochemical concentrations
  • inflammation of the glia
42
Q

What is currently the largest study in the USA that is funded to help identify factors that may put children at risk for ASD?

A

SEED

43
Q

(true/false) There is a relationship between transverse myelitis and autism?

A

true

uncommon

44
Q

(true/false) vaccines cause autism

A

false

45
Q

(true/false) Vaccine ingredients do not cause autism

A

true

46
Q

What are the three categories of sensory motor disorders?

A
  • Under responsive
  • over responsive
  • sensation seeking
47
Q

(true/false) The severity of sensory modulation correlates to the severity of autism

A

true

48
Q

(true/false) motor stereotypes of ASD are obvious within the 1st year.

A

false

49
Q

What skill is a predictor of motor outcomes with ASD?

A

Early motor imitation skills

interventions used: pointing at items and using building blocks

50
Q

What may be one of the earliest signs of ASD?

A

Motor impairments

51
Q

(true/false) Young children with ASD participate in PA at similar levels as peers

A

true

52
Q

Adolescents with ASD are ___% less likely to participate in physical activity in PA

A

60% less

less likely to participate in physical activity as they grow older

Sedentary behavior is associated with poorer physical, mental, social and academic profiles

53
Q

What are the benefits of aquatic exercise in those with ASD?

A
  • improves sleep habits
  • decreased problem behaviors

May be due to sensory input of the aquatic environment

54
Q

What are intervention strategies for those with ASD?

A
  • physical prompting
  • intensive teaching
  • teaching meaningful actions
  • environmental teaching
55
Q

What dietary programs can be used for those with ASD?

A

gluten and casein free

Pediatric PT (14 decks)

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