Developmental Reflexes and Reactions Flashcards
When is the babinski reflex typically present?
Months 0-12
What is a (+) babinski reflex indicative of?
UMN lesion if present later in life
When is Flexor Withdrawal reaction typically present?
Months 0-2
–> some people believe it occurs throughout life
When is crossed extension reaction typically present?
Months 0-2
What elicits a crossed extension reaction?
A sharp, quick, pressure to the sole of the foot
What is the description of a crossed extension response when elicited?
Withdrawal of stimulated extremity and EXT of the opposite extremity
When is the galant/trunk incurvation reaction typically present?
months 0-2
What elicits a galant/trunk incurvation reaction?
Sharp stroke along the paravertebral line from the scapula to iliac crest
What is observed when a galant/trunk incurvation reaction is elicited?
Lateral flexion towards the stimulated side
When is the moro reflex typically present?
months 0-4
What elicits the moro reflex?
sudden extension of the neck
What is observed when the moro reflex is elicited?
FLX/ABD of shoulders
EXT of elbows
FOLLOWED BY
EXT/ABD of the shoulders and FLX of the elbows
When is the primary standing reaction typically present?
months 1-2
What elicits primary standing reaction?
holding the infant in a standing position
What is observed when the primary standing reaction is elicited?
Infant supports their weight and extends their LEs
When is primary walking reaction typically present?
months 0-2
What elicits a primary walking response?
holding the infant in supported standing with trunk tilted slightly forward
What is observed when a primary walking reaction is elicited?
Reciprocal stepping motions
Is the primary walking reaction typically easier to see in smaller or larger infants?
smaller infants
When is the neonatal neck right reaction typically present?
months 0-6
What elicits neonatal neck righting?
Turning the infants head when they’re supine
What is observed when a neonatal neck righting is elicited?
body log rolls to the same side of the head being turned
When is rooting typically present?
months 0-3
What elicits rooting?
stroking or the perioral region
What is observed when rooting is elicited?
Head turning to the side of stimulation with the mouth opening
When is sucking typically present?
months 0-6
What elicits the sucking response?
touching the lips, tongue, and/or palate
What population of infants commonly has an issue with sucking reflex?
premature babies
When is the startle reaction typically present?
months 0-6
What elicits a startle reaction?
loud noise, sudden light or cold stimulus
What is observed when a startle reaction is elicited?
sudden jerking of the whole body
OR
EXT/ABD of the UEs followed by ADD of the shoulders
When is the tonic labyrinthine reflex typically present?
months 0-6
What elicits a tonic labyrinthine reflex?
prone or supine position
What is observed with a tonic labyrinthine reflex when an infant is put into a prone position?
maximal flexor tone
What is observed with a tonic labyrinthine reflex when an infant is put into a supine position?
maximal extensor tone
When is the asymmetric tonic neck reflex typically present?
months 0-5
What elicits an asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR)?
rotation of the head
What is observed when ATNR is elicited?
EXT of the face, side extremities, and FLX of the skull side extremities (Looks like the sprinkler)
When is palmar grasp typically present?
months 0-4
When is plantar grasp typically present?
months 0-9
Most babies will not walk until their _______ reflex is established.
plantar grasp reflex
When is the placing reaction typically present?
months 0-6
What elicits a placing reaction?
dragging the dorsum of the foot or back of the hand against the edge of the table
What is observed when a placing reaction is elicited?
placing of the foot or hand onto the table top
When is pull-to-sit (traction) reaction typically present?
months 4-5
What is observed when a pull-to-sit reaction is elicited?
UEs with Flex with head lag
What can pull-to-sit reaction help identify?
cerebral palsy
When is optical labyrinthine righting typically present?
1 month and rest of life
What elicits optical labyrinthine righting?
tilting the body
What is observed when optical labyrinthine righting is elicited?
head orients itself to a vertical position
–> used with lots of infants with torticollis
When does protective extension when moving downward vertically typically occur?
month 4
When does protective extension when forward sitting typically occur?
month 6
When does protective extension when lateral sitting typically occur?
month 7
When does protective extension when backward sitting typically occur?
month 9
What is observed when protective extension (parachute reaction) is elicited?
Extension of the legs in a downward movement and EXT of the forearms in the sitting position to catch weight when moving FWD or laterally
When does body righting reaction acting on the head (BOH) typically occur?
months 4-6 and throughout life
What elicits body righting reaction acting on the head?
contact of the body with a solid surface
What is observed with body righting reactions on the head (BOH)?
Head righting with respect to gravity
When does body righting reaction acting on the body (BOB) typically occur?
months 6-8 and throughout life
What elicits body righting reaction acting on the body?
ROT of the head or thorax
What is observed with body righting reactions acting on the body?
rolling over with ROT between the trunk and pelvis
When is symmetric tonic neck reflex typically present?
months 6-8
How is symmetric tonic reflex elicited?
EXT of Cx
OR
FLX of Cx
What is observed with a symmetric tonic neck reflex when extending the cervical spine?
EXT of the UEs and FLX of the LEs
What is observed with a symmetric tonic neck reflex when flexing the cervical spine?
FLX of the UEs and EXT of the LEs
When does the landau reaction typically occur?
months 4-18
what elicits the landau reaction?
infant was held in ventral suspension
What is observed with a landau reaction when elicited?
EXT of the neck, trunk, and hips (Superman)
When does prone tilting reaction typically present itself?
month 5 and throughout life
When does supine tilting reaction typically present itself?
7 months and throughout life
When does sitting tilting reaction typically present itself?
8 months and throughout life
When does quadruped tilting reaction typically present itself?
month 12 and throughout life
What elicits tilting reactions?
Slow shifting/displacement of the BOS/body
What is observed when tilting reactions are elicited?
Lateral FLX of the spine TOWARDS the elevated side
ABD of extremities on the ELEVATED side
Trunk ROT on the ELEVATED side
