Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pediatric PT > Cerebral palsy > Flashcards

Cerebral palsy Flashcards

1
Q

definition: describes a group of permanent disorders of the development of movement and posture, causing activity limitations that are attributed to non-progressive disturbances that occurred in the developing fetus or infant brain

A

cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most common motor disability of childhood?

A

cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is cerebral palsy a neurologic condition?

A

Evidenced by defect or lesion in single or multiple locations in the immature brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

(true/false) CP is progressive

A

False (it is not)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

(true/false) CP is easy to diagnose

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

1 in _____ children are identified with CP

A

345

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What population is CP most prevalent in?

A

infants born before 28 weeks of gestation; boys; black children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common co-occurring developmental disability is children with CP?

A

chronic pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

(true/false) Children with CP are prone to have epilepsy and seizures

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

(true/false) 2 of 3 children with CP will walk

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

(true/false) 3 of 4 children with CP will talk

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

(true/false) 1 of 2 children with CP will have typical intelligence

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is CP classified?

A
  1. location of impairments (monoplegia, diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia)
  2. movement abnormality (spastic, dyskinetic, ataxic, hypotonic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What locations in the brain are involved with spasticity?

A

motor cortex and/or white matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What region of the brain causes dyskinesia if damaged?

A

basal ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What region of the brain is damaged if a child has ataxia?

A

cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

definition: slow, continuous writhing movements that prevent maintenance of a stable posture

A

athetosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

definition: dominated by involuntary sustained or intermittent muscle contraction with repetitive movements and abnormal postures

A

dystonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Level ___ of the Gross motor function classification system – Walks without restrictions; limitations in more advanced gross motor skills

A

Level I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Level ___ of the Gross motor function classification system – Walks without assistive devices; limitations walking outdoors and in the community

A

Level II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Level ___ of the Gross motor function classification system – Walks with assistive mobility devices; limitations walking outdoors and in the community

A

Level III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Level ___ of the Gross motor function classification system – Self-mobility with limitations; children are transported or use power mobility outdoors and in the community (ex: gait trainer)

A

Level IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Level ___ of the Gross motor function classification system – Self-mobility is severely limited even with the use of assistive technology

A

Level V

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Most children fall into what level of the gross motor function classification system?

A

Level I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What age range is the gross motor function classification used for?

A

3-12 y/o

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The average number of PT cases/visits are greatest for what level of the gross motor function classification system?

A

Level III* and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

___% of CP cases have a genetic component

A

14%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

___% of CP cases have prenatal factors causing CP commonly during the ___ and ___ trimesters.

A

34%; 2nd and 3rd trimesters

Prenatal factors: malnutrition, intrinsic developmental problems of the fetus, poor maternal prenatal condition, and maternal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

___% of CP cases have postnatal factors causing CP

A

6%

Postnatal factors: accidental and non-accidental brain injury (improper car restraints, falls, physical abuse), stroke, surgical complications, Sz, infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

(true/false) Prematurity is a cause of CP.

A

FALSE (but it is associated with CP)

Premature factors: intracranial hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are modifiable risk factors that can cause CP?

A

Tobacco use
drug exposure
diabetes
preeclampsia
chorioamnionitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What causes prenatal brain damage?

A
  • Disturbances to the migration of embryonic cells that form the brain
  • Poor myelination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How can the migration of embryonic cells forming the brain be disturbed?

A

Primarily genetic and environmental factors:
- alcohol
- drugs
- maternal infection and inflammation
- environmental toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Poor myelination can occur secondary to _____.

A

hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

___% of perinatal risks cannot be prevented by and obstetrician

A

90%

36
Q

Perinatal risks often occur due to preexisting ____ pathology.

A

CNS pathology

37
Q

What are some perinatal risks leading to brain damage?

A
  • Vacuum extraction and forceps
  • Intracranial hemorrhages
  • Acute intrapartum hypoxia-ischemia
  • Infection
  • Jaundice
  • Seizures
  • Hypoglycemia
38
Q

In babies with CP that are born at full term, they are more likely to be at a NON-AMBULATORY level of the GMFCS if they experienced ____.

A

asphyxia

39
Q

Infants born at full term with CP and asphyxia are more likely to have ___.

A

spastic quadriplegia

40
Q

What brain damage is common in children with CP that were born prematurely?

A

white matter damage

41
Q

(true/false) CP in preterm babies can be related to rupture of the membranes leading to infections

A

true

42
Q

What medications can impact an infants developing brain in preterm infants?

A

steroids

43
Q

___% of CP cases are due to PREVENTABLE causes in developing countries.

A

63%

44
Q

(true/false) Developed countries are more able to keep extremely premature infants alive.

A

true

45
Q

What tools are used to detect cerebral palsy in those before 5 months old?

A
  • neonatal MRI
  • Prechtl Qualitative Assessment for General movements
  • Hammersmith infant neurological examination
46
Q

What tools are used to detect cerebral palsy after 5 months?

A
  • MRI
  • HINE
  • developmental assessment of young children
47
Q

(true/false) Kids with CP do not have self-propelling wheelchairs

A

true

48
Q

(true/false) 90% of children with CP do not survive into adulthood

A

FALSE

49
Q

Children with severe CP have a ___% chance of living to 20 y/o

A

40%

50
Q

Children with mild CP have a ___% chance of living to 20 y/o

A

99%

51
Q

What are predictors of decreased life expectancy in children with cerebral palsy?

A
  • lack of mobility
  • feeding difficulties
52
Q

___% of children with CP will grow to live independently

A

31%

53
Q

___% of those with CP will have paid employment

A

28%

54
Q

Children in GMFCS Level ___ had highest overall participation

A

Lvl I

55
Q

What are predictors of inability to live independently in those with CP?

A
  • intellectual disability
  • Sz
  • wheelchair dependency
56
Q

What CP population is more likely to ambulate?

A

hemiplegic and ataxic CP

57
Q

What CP population is least likely to ambulate?

A

dyskinetic and bilateral CP

58
Q

What is the strongest predictor of ambulation among all types of CP?

A

cognitive function and independent sitting by 2 y/o

59
Q

Nearly all children with cerebral palsy who will walk will do so before __ y/o.

A

8 y/o

60
Q

What are areas of concern in adults with CP?

A
  • fatigue
  • pain
  • deteriorating mobility
  • reduced physical and mental health
61
Q

Mobility in those with CP (increase/decrease) in those over time.

A

decrease –> even in those who classify as Level I GMFCS.

62
Q

Those who classify as GMFCS level ____ are at a higher risk for decreasing their mobility due to changing demands

A

level III

63
Q

Children with CP who walked independently by the age of ___ has a higher likelihood of a long standing and efficient gait.

A

3 y/o

64
Q

Those classified as GMFCS level V are going to have a decrease in mobility due to what?

A

stiffness and deformity

65
Q

What are MSK deformities seen in adolescents/adults with CP?

A

subluxation/dislocation of the hip
abnormalities of the foot
patella alta
pelvic obliquities
contractures
scoliosis
OA
overuse syndromes
Fx

66
Q

Employment rates are (lower/higher) in adults with CP than in people with other disabilities

A

lower

67
Q

(true/false) Improvements with interventions are increased when done in the patient’s home

A

true

68
Q

(true/false) infants with hemiplegic CP who received CIMP have better hand function both short and long term

A

true

69
Q

Infants with regular surveillance and intervention have (decreased/increased) rates of hip displacement, contracture, and scoliosis

A

decreased rate

70
Q

What are typical impairments in those with cerebral palsy?

A

abnormal WB and malalignment

71
Q

What are common locations of contractures in those with cerebral palsy?

A

Shoulder ABD
elbow
wrist flexors
finger flexors
hip FLX and ADD
Knee FLX
ankle PF

72
Q

What can limitations in motor skills potentially result in?

A
  • learning disabilities
  • difficulty with socialization
  • difficulty with independence
73
Q

a. What ICF level is the primary focus during a child’s preschool phase?

b. what developmental assessments should be used?

A

a. examination of participation

b. peabody and GMFM

74
Q

What should interventions focus on improving in the preschool population?

A

Improving force generation (stairs, functional activities, playground equipment, theraball)

75
Q

What developmental aspect most commonly causes spasticity?

A

Growth spurts (commonly in preschool phase)

76
Q

What PT approaches can be used for hypoextensibility?

A

Stretching
Casting
night splints
orthotics (solid AFO, hinged AFO, supramalleolar orthosis)
–> Billy shoes are highly recommended due to being able to fit an orthotic inside

77
Q

Casting to treat hypoextensibility helps improve ______ ROM.

A

ankle

78
Q

Orthoses to treat hypoextensibility is effective in restricting ______ to improve gait.

A

PF

79
Q

It is recommended that surgical interventions focusing on preventing subluxation or dislocation of the hip should be held off until the child is at least ___ y/o.

A

6 y/o

80
Q

What is a complication for surgical interventions focusing on preventing subluxation or dislocation of the hip?

A

Decreased force production

81
Q

(true/false) surgical interventions focusing on preventing subluxation or dislocation of the hip ALTERS neuro patterns.

A

False

82
Q

What developmental assessments are most appropriate for examination and evaluation of school-age and adolescent children?

A
  • GMFM
  • BOTSMP
  • School function assessment
83
Q

What does baclofen do?

A

Inhibits presynaptic excitatory neurotransmitter release

84
Q

What ICF classification should transition to adulthood focus on?

A

function

85
Q

___% of adults with CP had musculoskeletal problems

A

76%

86
Q

What are red light interventions for cerebral palsy?

A
  • craniosacral therapy
  • hip bracing
  • hyperbaric oxygen
  • NDT
  • sensory integration

Pediatric PT (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions