Next Lecture Quiz Oct 30- Flashcards
What aids in blood clotting?
platelets (platelets also help in healing, etc)
What is thrombopoiesis
Production of platelets.
What is hematopoiesis
forming blood cells
how do megakaryocytes form platelets in the blood?
tendrills sneak into the blood stream and break off
What is hemophilia
the love of bleeding. It’s sex linked
What is thrombosis?
abnormal clotting in an unbroken blood vessel
What is thrombus
the blood clot itself
Embolism?
part of a clot breaks free and travels. u call that clot the embolus.
What is the path of the pulmonary circuit?
Blood flows from right heart to lungs. Gas exchange in the lungs.
Path of systemic circuit
blood flows from left heart to all body. gas exchange in organs
Where is the pericardium and what is it’s job?
membrane around the heart. Restricts heart movement so it is contained
What are the two layers of the pericardium?
fibrous pericardium (tough outer sac) and serous pericardium/epicardium (visceral layer (means touching the organ)). Pericardial cavity is the space between the layers containing serous fluid.
unique structures of cardiac muscles
Desmosomes (strong velcro) keeping the intercalated discs together, Gap junctions sharing the electric potentials
What are the three layers of the heart wall
Epicardium (visceral layer), Myocardium (cardiac muscle, thickest layer), endocardium (internal surface of hear chambers)
What does the coronary sulcus do?
it separates the atria and the ventricles. Border
How many important arteries are there in the heart?
6
Characteristics of the left and right atria
thin walls, receiving chambers, auricle ear like extensions, seperated by interatrial septum, pectinate muscles (ridge like)
Characteristics of left and right ventricles
thick walls, separated by interventricular septum, pumping chambers, trabeculae carnie (internal ridges), papillary muscles connected to chorae tenineae (heart strings)
what does venous blood mean
poorly oxygenated
Where is the conus arteriosus
its the valve by the pulmonary trunk that looks like a butt
What are the parts of the conduction system?
Sinoatrial node(SA) (pacemaker. near right atrium), AV node(by the AV valve ), AV bundle (goes across pulminary valve and down the interventricular tissue), purkinje fibers (nerve like processes that travel up the ventricular myocardium).
Where are the cario centers in the brain?
medulla oblongata
What two nodes does the sympathetic cardiac nerves and vagus nerve interact with
SA node and AV node
What is the cardiac cycle
one complete cycle of contraction and relaxation. Measured by an ECG. Two phases are systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation).
When will you have higher systolic pressure
after heart has contracted
Mitral valve prolapse
a valve cusp lets blood flow back making the heart less efficient
Valvular stenosis
cusps stiffen with scar tissue. it results in rheumatic fever
which vessel is efferent?
arteries
arteries
Efferent, resistance vessels (high pressure or low pressure)
Veins
afferent, capacitance vessels (hold most of blodo)
Capillaries
tiny vessels connecting small arteries to small veins
What does the tunica media contain
muscles (vasoconstriction and vasodilation), elastin, collagen
tunica externa
loose connective tissue anchoring it to it’s surroundings
tunica interna
simple squamous endothelium, slick lining, selectively permeable
which vessel has elastic lamina?
artery
What are capillaries made of
two layers: endothelium and basement membrane
Three categories of arteries
conducting (biggest), distributing (midsized), resistance (smalest)
Receptors in the arteries
Baroreceptor (send signals to the vasomotor and cardiac center of brain. Respond to BP with change in vessel or heart rate), chemoreceptors (send signals to the respiratory centers of brain. pH, Co2, O2)
Continuous capillary
small intercellular clefts present but mostly closed off
Fenestrated capillaries
filtrated pores facilitating exchange throughout the wall
sinusoid (discontinous capillary
irregular, wide gaps
capillary exchange (things going in and out) methods.
FIltration (through the pores. Sodium, hydrogen, any ion), transcytosis (through the cell wall. Large hormone), Diffusion (gas exchange through endothelial cells), Intercellular clefts (glucose)
How does blood switch from being efferent to afferent.?
capillary beds
Functions of the lymphatic system
recover fluid lost from blood capillaries (lymphatic vessels), immunity, absorb lipids from small intestines
What is lymph
colorless fluid. similar to plasma but without proteins. fluid from capillaries that is taken up by lymphatic vessels
What is chyle?
lymph that comes from the intestine (high in fat)
the top right section of the body brings lymp where?
right lymphatic duct. Everywhere else in the body it’s brougth to the thoracic duct.
Peyer patches
lymphatic nodules in the ileum
MALT
it’s in passages of respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts
Function of spleen
highly vascular. Red pulp and white pulp. red blood cell graveyard cuz they lyse when they go through the small areas
