Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Ch 13 > Flashcards

Ch 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Neurobiology

A

study of nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Subdivisions of the nervous system

A

Central nerbous system and Peripheral nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the central nervous system contain

A

bain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system contain

A

Sensory division and motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the parts of sensory division in the peripheral nervous system

A

Visceral sensory division and somatic sensory division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the parts of motor division in the PNS

A

Visceral motor division and somatic motor division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the visceral motor division do

A

tells the digestive system what to do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the viseral sensory division do

A

brings info from stomach etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

where does somatic sensory division bring info from

A

like thigh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the subsects of visceral motor division

A

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does somatic motor division do

A

moves skeletal muscles. nueromuscular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the fundamental physiological properties of a neuron?

A

Excitability (can respond to stimuli), Conductivity (can send signals to distant locations quickly), Secretion (can release chemical messengers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does afferent mean

A

sensory neurons…arising into the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are interneurons

A

between a sensory and a motor neuron. hot burner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is efferent

A

motor neurons…exiting the central nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the Neurosoma (soma)

A

cell body of neuron. where the nucleus is, ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the Neurofibrils of a neuron

A

Cytoskeletan of network in neuron. important for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the Nissl bodies

A

cluster of rough endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis). stain darkly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dendrites

A

Multibranched processes to detect stimuli. they come from the soma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is a long nerve fiber that transmits signal to the nexxt cell called

A

axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the axon collateral

A

its a branch of the main axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

terminal arborization

A

branching of the distal end of the neuron. allows the generation of more connections w more neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Synaptic knob

A

swelling at the end of the axon stores and secretes neurotransmitters. communicates w more neurons. they interact w the dendrites of another neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the purpose of Myelin sheath

A

Segmented wrapping around the axon. insolates and protects the axon. this helps to speed up the action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Node of ranvier

A

gaps in the myelination. purpose is to allow faster transduction so u can skip along the axon and don’t have to change the voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Internode

A

part of the axon that’s myelinated.

27
Q

Axon hillock

A

mound from the soma leading to the axon. The initial segment is the first part of unmyelinated axon

28
Q

Trigger zone

A

the axon hillock and initial segment. WHen there’s a big enough ation potential in the soma the trigger zone sends a signnal

29
Q

What’s it called when a neuron has multiple dendrites on one axon

A

multipolar

30
Q

Bipolar

A

two dendrite projections coming from the cell body

31
Q

Unipolar

A

Cell body is projecting off the side of the axon

32
Q

Anaxonic

A

multiple dendrites and no axon

33
Q

What are the supportive cells of the neurons?

A

Neuroglia (or glia)

34
Q

Functions of the neuroglia

A

Protect and help function, bind neurons together to form framework, in fetus, guide migrating neurons to their destinations, if mature neuron is not in synaptic contact it is covered by glial cells. GIVES PRECISION

35
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Part of a glial cells. They make myelin in brain and spinal cord.

36
Q

Ependymal cells

A

glial cell part. Line cavities of brain and spinal cord. they secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid. Tall cells! gotta be big

37
Q

Microglia

A

phagocytize and destroy microorganisms. eat up the dead nervous tissue.

38
Q

Astrocytes

A

part of glial cells that form the blood brain barrior. grab oxygen and glucose and share it w neurons. They don’t let certain things pass the blood brain barrior

39
Q

Schwann cells

A

form a neurilemma around all PNS nerve fibers and myelin around most of them. Play a part in neuron regeneration (axon. cell body can’t be fixed)

40
Q

Satellite cells

A

surround somas of neurons in the ganglia

41
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Insulating layer around nerve fiber. increase the speed of conduction

42
Q

Myelination

A

process of producing myelin. starts in fetal development and rapid in infancy. Myelin is 80% lipid so it’s pretty important for them to get enough fat

43
Q

Unmyelinated nerve fiber

A

less insolated. Schwann cell wraps around multiple axons so there’s less wrapping per axon

44
Q

What two factors does signal conduction speed depend on?

A

presence of myelination, diameter of fiber

45
Q

If cell body remains intact but nerve fiber is damaged, can it regenerate?

A

Yes, schwann cells secrete nerve growth factors and they direct regrowth of axon

46
Q

Can central nervous system (CNS) nerves be regenerated?

A

no. Think of memory loss

47
Q

What is a synapses?

A

Space between axon terminals. Meeting point of a neuron and other cells: nerve tissue, nerve and muscle, glandualar

48
Q

What is an axodedritic synapse?

A

axon terminal interacting with postsynaptic dendrite

49
Q

Axosomatic synapse

A

Axon terminals directly going to the soma

50
Q

Axoaxonic synapse

A

Axon terminal interacting with axon of another cell

51
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

messanger molecultes. Can either be excitatory or inhibitory. 5$ movie night

52
Q

Synaptic knob

A

part of structure of synapse. contains synaptic vesicles which are packets of neurotransmitters

53
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

the gap between neurons. 20-40 nm

54
Q

Neurotransmitter receptors

A

they’re on the postsynaptic cell

55
Q

Electrical synapse

A

two cells jointed by gap junctions (tiny pours physically connecting two cells). Important in cardiac and smooth muscle where you want everything to happen at once. Very quick transmission. There is no control or decision making of signal (you can’t stop the signal) it just goes.

56
Q

What does diverging neuron connection look like?

A

Exponential growth. bigger and bigger

57
Q

Converging neuron connection

A

employees tell managers who tell boss. converging together

58
Q

Reverberating

A

Positive feedback. loop. axion potential but one axon goes back to the beginning allowing for sustained signaling to occur.

59
Q

Parallel after-discharge

A

multiple axon chains on their way to a destination. All of them could send the message or just one or none.

60
Q

Neurulation in little fetus babies

A

around week 3 u have neural plate and first trace of CNS. 4 Weeks you have a neural tube cuz the plate folded together. the neural crest (gonna be the spinal cord) is there. all the ingredients are there. U got three encephalons (frebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain). Week 5 you got five secondary vesicles. limb buds. the three brains have more structures in them (there are now five encephalons)

61
Q

What are some neural tube defects? Spina bifida -

A

\ vertebrae fail to enclose the spinal cord. Spina bifida occulta is just one or a few vertebrae that don’t fuse properly. Spina bifida cystica is more severe. sac protruding from the spine filled with cerebral spinal fluid

62
Q

Neural tube defect - microcephaly

A

small brain. severe mental difficulties. effects forebrain

63
Q

NTD - anencephaly

A

no brain formation

Anatomy (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions