Ch 6

Question 1

Osteology

Answer 1

Study of bone

Question 2

What is mineralization?

Answer 2

process of hardening

Question 3

Tissue types in bone

Answer 3

blood, bone marrow, cartilage, adipose tissue, nervous tissue, fibrous CT

Question 4

cortical bone?

Answer 4

dense

Question 5

cancellous bone?

Answer 5

spongy

Question 6

What makes up the organic matrix of bone?

Answer 6

collagen and large glycoproteins

Question 7

What makes up the inorganic matrix

Answer 7

85% HYDROXYAPATITE (calcium phosphate salt), 10% calcium carbonate, 5% other inorganic minerals

Question 8

Bone without collagen? without mineral?

Answer 8

Brittle. Bendy.

Question 9

What are the two types of bone marrow?

Answer 9

Red bone marrow (found in children. hemopoietic), Yellow Bone marrow (found in adults, adipose tissue)

Question 10

Sesamoid bone

Answer 10

Develop inside a tendon ( e.g. patella)

Question 11

Sutural (Wormian) bone

Answer 11

Found between flat bones of the skull

Question 12

Periosteum

Answer 12

Fibrous connective tissue sheath

Question 13

Diaphysis

Answer 13

long part of bone

Question 14

Epiphysis

Answer 14

end of bones

Question 15

Medullary cavity

Answer 15

Marrow cavity

Question 16

Endosteum

Answer 16

This layer of reticular tissue lining of the medullary cavity

Question 17

Articular cartilage

Answer 17

Hyaline cartilage at the articular surface

Question 18

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 18

Growth plate, hyaline cartilage

Question 19

Epiphyseal line

Answer 19

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate

Question 20

Nutrient foramen

Answer 20

hole for blood vessels and nerves

Question 21

Anatomy of a flat bone

Answer 21

Spongy sandwich

Question 22

Suture

Answer 22

joining of two flat plates

Question 23

Osteogenic cells

Answer 23

bone stem cells

Question 24

Osteoblast

Answer 24

Bone forming cells

Question 25

Osteocyte

Answer 25

Mature bone cells. Have filopodia with gap juntions at the ends. It’s for sharing nutrients! :)

Question 26

What cells have filopodia (dendrites)

Answer 26

Osteocytes

Question 27

What are osteoclasts

Answer 27

Macrophages that dissolve bone. Multi nuclei

Question 28

Osteon (Haversian systems)

Answer 28

unit of functional bone tissue

Question 29

Central canal (haversian)

Answer 29

contains the blood vessles an osteon. all the nutrients and stuff

Question 30

What are lacunae in haversian systems?

Answer 30

cavities that house osteocytes. Little dots all around

Question 31

Concentric lamellae in haversian systems

Answer 31

rings around the lacunae. nested cylinders around the central canal

Question 32

Canaliculi

Answer 32

tunnels that connect the lacunae to each other. yay friends

Question 33

Scoliosis

Answer 33

lateral curvature of the spine

Question 34

Kyphosis

Answer 34

abnormal posterior thoracic curvature

Question 35

Lordosis

Answer 35

anterior lumbar curvature

Question 36

Subluxation of the spine

Answer 36

misalignment of spinal segment

Question 37

Herniated discs

Answer 37

cracking of fibrosus tissue of vertebra and vertebra insides put pressure on spinal cord

Question 38

Amelia

Answer 38

Complete absence of 1 or more limb

Question 39

Meromelia

Answer 39

Partial absence of limb

Question 40

Polydactyly

Answer 40

extra fingers or toes

Question 41

Syndactyly

Answer 41

webbed digits

Question 42

talipe

Answer 42

feet are abbducted clubfoot

Question 43

Spicules

Answer 43

rods and spines of bone

Question 44

Trabeculae

Answer 44

thin plates of bone

Question 45

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 45

Completed in infany, bone develop from mesenchymal tissue

Question 46

Endochondral ossification

Answer 46

most bones develop this way, develop from hyline cartilage

Question 47

Fontanelles

Answer 47

soft spots along sutures

Question 48

Appositional growth

Answer 48

Growth in thickness

Question 49

Osteopenia

Answer 49

Loss of bone. rate of resorption faster than deposition