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Maternity & Women's Health > Newborn Adaptation > Flashcards

Newborn Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

First breath of NB should occur within what timeframe after birth?

A

within 1 minute

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2
Q

What is the normal RR for a NB?

A

30-60/min

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3
Q

How long do you count a NB’s RR for?

A

60 seconds, may be irregular

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4
Q

What are the “bypass vessels” in a NB?

A
  • ductus venosus
  • ductus arteriosus
  • foramen ovale
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5
Q

How many arteries and veins are in the umbilical cord?

A

2 arteries, 1 vein

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6
Q

Which vessels carry blood from the fetus to the placenta?

A

umbilical arteries carrying de-oxygenated blood

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7
Q

Which vessels carry blood from the placenta to the fetus?

A

umbilical veins carrying oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Which vessel bypassed the liver and takes blood into the inferior vena cava in a fetus?

A

ductus venosus

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9
Q

Which vessel shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetus?

A

ductus arteriosus

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10
Q

Which vessel shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetus?

A

foramen ovale

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11
Q

Describe the process for closing the foramen ovale after birth?

A
  • air fills the alveoli, expanding them and decreasing resistance and pressure in lungs
  • blood from the right side of heart can now go to the lungs, decreasing the pressure in the right atrium and increasing the pressure in the left atrium.
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12
Q

What happens in response to the release of bradykinin from the lungs after expansion in a NB?

A

causes constriction of the ductus arteriosus after mixing with O2 in the blood

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13
Q

How is the ductus venosus closed in a NB after birth?

A

clamping of the umbilical cord stops blood flow through the ductus arteriosus causing its constriction

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14
Q

How long after birth does is take for the ductus venosus close permanently?

A

1 week

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15
Q

The ductus venosus becomes what vessel after its closure?

A

ligamentum venosum

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16
Q

Functional closure of the foramen ovale occurs how long after birth?

A

1-2 hrs

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17
Q

The foramen ovale becomes _____ by ______ after birth?

A

1) fossa ovalis

2) 6 months to 1 yr

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18
Q

Initial closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs within ____, and permanently closes ______

A

1) within 15 hrs

2) in 3 weeks

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19
Q

What is a normal (1) NB HR, (2) when sleeping and (3) crying?

A

1) 110 - 160
2) 100
3) 180

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20
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

bluish coloration of the hands and feet, disappears with cry

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21
Q

Infant response to hypothermia (cold stress)?

A
  • increase O2 consumption and RR
  • vasoconstriction
  • increase anaerobic glycolysis = metabolic acidosis
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22
Q

Infant response to hyperthermia?

A

vasodilation, some perspiration, increase o2 consumption and increase BMR

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23
Q

What is the usual cause of a transitory fever in a NB?

A
  • dehydration
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24
Q

Normal NB temp:

1) axillary
2) rectal

A

1) 97.5 - 98.9 F or 36.5 - 37.2 C

2) 97.5 - 98.6 F or 36.5 - 37.0 C

25
Rectal thermometer should be inserted how far for a NB?
< 1/2 inch
26
How many we diapers should an NB have by the end of their 1st week?
6
27
A brick red stain on a diaper may indicate what?
- uric acid due to small intake | - differentiate from blood
28
What is the stomach capacity for a NB: 1) at birth 2) by day 3-4
1) 40 - 40 mL | 2) up to 90 mL
29
What is Meconium?
- tar like, thick, sticky, black green poop containing instestinal tract cells, bile pigment and amniotic fluid - occurs within 24-36 hrs
30
Patient teaching for how to clean meconium on a NB?
use vaseline
31
Description of the transitional stool color for a NB?
green-black to green brown to brownish yellow to yellow
32
When should Iron supplementation begin for a NB?
at 6 months
33
When, why and how should vitamin K be given to a NB?
IM within 1st hr to help with coagulation
34
Stool characteristics for: 1) formula fed 2) breast fed
1) more formed, brown to dark in color | 2) watery, yellow color and mustard like
35
Where is glycogen stored?
in the liver
36
What is the glucose level for a NB: 1) at 4 hrs 2) at 3 days
1) 50 - 60 | 2) 60 - 70
37
What are the different types of neonatal jaundice?
- physiologic - breastfeeding (early onset) - breast milk (late onset)
38
Physiologic jaundice in a fullterm NB?
- appears after 24 hrs - peaks on 3rd day - disappears after 7th day
39
Physiologic jaundice in a preterm NB?
- appears after 48 hrs - peaks on 5th day - disappears after 10th day
40
Breastfeeding (early onset) jaundice?
- begins 2-4 days | - breast not milk jaundice, baby may not be latching on appropriately or not feeding well
41
To prevent breastfeeding jaundice, encourage the mother to nurse _____
8 or more times a day
42
What is the term for the first bit of breast milk?
colostrum
43
Effects of colostrum on the NB?
laxative effect, promotes meconium passage and lowers bilirubin levels
44
Breast milk jaundice?
- develops at 3-5 days and peaks around 2nd week - may last 3-12 weeks - rare
45
Treatment for breast milk jaundice?
none needed, don't D/C breast feeding
46
Antibody that can cross the placenta?
IgG
47
IgM is produced at what time in a fetus?
26 weeks
48
How are IgA antibodies passed to the infant?
through the colostrum from the mother to the NB
49
When should immunizations be started for NB?
3 months
50
Bluish coloration around the mouth of a NB?
Circumoral cyanosis, disappears by day 10, observe at feedings
51
Benign bluis pigmentation over the back, buttocks and lower legs in darker races?
mongolian spots, disappear in approx 2 yrs
52
What is a pigmented nevi?
Yellow to black pigmentation on the skin or a mole
53
Tx for Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum?
none, disappears in 48 -72 hrs
54
lotion like substance with a cheesy appearance that protects skin of fetus from amniotic fluid?
vernix caseosa
55
tiny white papules over the nose and cheeks of a NB caused by obstructed or destended sebaceous glands and its tx?
- Milia | - no tx needed, is self limiting
56
Flat purple discoloration usually on the face, a.k.a "port wine stains"?
Nevus Flammeus - do not enlarge or fade
57
When does the anterior fontanel close?
at 12-18 months
58
When does the posterior fontanel close?
8 - 12 weeks
59
How long and how often do NBs sleep?
16-20 hrs a day for 7/8 periods

Maternity & Women's Health (18 decks)

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