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Maternity & Women's Health > Newborn Adaptation > Flashcards

Newborn Adaptation Flashcards

1
Q

First breath of NB should occur within what timeframe after birth?

A

within 1 minute

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2
Q

What is the normal RR for a NB?

A

30-60/min

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3
Q

How long do you count a NB’s RR for?

A

60 seconds, may be irregular

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4
Q

What are the “bypass vessels” in a NB?

A
  • ductus venosus
  • ductus arteriosus
  • foramen ovale
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5
Q

How many arteries and veins are in the umbilical cord?

A

2 arteries, 1 vein

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6
Q

Which vessels carry blood from the fetus to the placenta?

A

umbilical arteries carrying de-oxygenated blood

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7
Q

Which vessels carry blood from the placenta to the fetus?

A

umbilical veins carrying oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Which vessel bypassed the liver and takes blood into the inferior vena cava in a fetus?

A

ductus venosus

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9
Q

Which vessel shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta in a fetus?

A

ductus arteriosus

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10
Q

Which vessel shunts blood from the right atrium to the left atrium in a fetus?

A

foramen ovale

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11
Q

Describe the process for closing the foramen ovale after birth?

A
  • air fills the alveoli, expanding them and decreasing resistance and pressure in lungs
  • blood from the right side of heart can now go to the lungs, decreasing the pressure in the right atrium and increasing the pressure in the left atrium.
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12
Q

What happens in response to the release of bradykinin from the lungs after expansion in a NB?

A

causes constriction of the ductus arteriosus after mixing with O2 in the blood

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13
Q

How is the ductus venosus closed in a NB after birth?

A

clamping of the umbilical cord stops blood flow through the ductus arteriosus causing its constriction

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14
Q

How long after birth does is take for the ductus venosus close permanently?

A

1 week

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15
Q

The ductus venosus becomes what vessel after its closure?

A

ligamentum venosum

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16
Q

Functional closure of the foramen ovale occurs how long after birth?

A

1-2 hrs

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17
Q

The foramen ovale becomes _____ by ______ after birth?

A

1) fossa ovalis

2) 6 months to 1 yr

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18
Q

Initial closure of the ductus arteriosus occurs within ____, and permanently closes ______

A

1) within 15 hrs

2) in 3 weeks

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19
Q

What is a normal (1) NB HR, (2) when sleeping and (3) crying?

A

1) 110 - 160
2) 100
3) 180

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20
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

bluish coloration of the hands and feet, disappears with cry

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21
Q

Infant response to hypothermia (cold stress)?

A
  • increase O2 consumption and RR
  • vasoconstriction
  • increase anaerobic glycolysis = metabolic acidosis
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22
Q

Infant response to hyperthermia?

A

vasodilation, some perspiration, increase o2 consumption and increase BMR

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23
Q

What is the usual cause of a transitory fever in a NB?

A
  • dehydration
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24
Q

Normal NB temp:

1) axillary
2) rectal

A

1) 97.5 - 98.9 F or 36.5 - 37.2 C

2) 97.5 - 98.6 F or 36.5 - 37.0 C

25
Q

Rectal thermometer should be inserted how far for a NB?

A

< 1/2 inch

26
Q

How many we diapers should an NB have by the end of their 1st week?

A

6

27
Q

A brick red stain on a diaper may indicate what?

A
  • uric acid due to small intake

- differentiate from blood

28
Q

What is the stomach capacity for a NB:

1) at birth
2) by day 3-4

A

1) 40 - 40 mL

2) up to 90 mL

29
Q

What is Meconium?

A
  • tar like, thick, sticky, black green poop containing instestinal tract cells, bile pigment and amniotic fluid
  • occurs within 24-36 hrs
30
Q

Patient teaching for how to clean meconium on a NB?

A

use vaseline

31
Q

Description of the transitional stool color for a NB?

A

green-black to green brown to brownish yellow to yellow

32
Q

When should Iron supplementation begin for a NB?

A

at 6 months

33
Q

When, why and how should vitamin K be given to a NB?

A

IM within 1st hr to help with coagulation

34
Q

Stool characteristics for:

1) formula fed
2) breast fed

A

1) more formed, brown to dark in color

2) watery, yellow color and mustard like

35
Q

Where is glycogen stored?

A

in the liver

36
Q

What is the glucose level for a NB:

1) at 4 hrs
2) at 3 days

A

1) 50 - 60

2) 60 - 70

37
Q

What are the different types of neonatal jaundice?

A
  • physiologic
  • breastfeeding (early onset)
  • breast milk (late onset)
38
Q

Physiologic jaundice in a fullterm NB?

A
  • appears after 24 hrs
  • peaks on 3rd day
  • disappears after 7th day
39
Q

Physiologic jaundice in a preterm NB?

A
  • appears after 48 hrs
  • peaks on 5th day
  • disappears after 10th day
40
Q

Breastfeeding (early onset) jaundice?

A
  • begins 2-4 days

- breast not milk jaundice, baby may not be latching on appropriately or not feeding well

41
Q

To prevent breastfeeding jaundice, encourage the mother to nurse _____

A

8 or more times a day

42
Q

What is the term for the first bit of breast milk?

A

colostrum

43
Q

Effects of colostrum on the NB?

A

laxative effect, promotes meconium passage and lowers bilirubin levels

44
Q

Breast milk jaundice?

A
  • develops at 3-5 days and peaks around 2nd week
  • may last 3-12 weeks
  • rare
45
Q

Treatment for breast milk jaundice?

A

none needed, don’t D/C breast feeding

46
Q

Antibody that can cross the placenta?

A

IgG

47
Q

IgM is produced at what time in a fetus?

A

26 weeks

48
Q

How are IgA antibodies passed to the infant?

A

through the colostrum from the mother to the NB

49
Q

When should immunizations be started for NB?

A

3 months

50
Q

Bluish coloration around the mouth of a NB?

A

Circumoral cyanosis, disappears by day 10, observe at feedings

51
Q

Benign bluis pigmentation over the back, buttocks and lower legs in darker races?

A

mongolian spots, disappear in approx 2 yrs

52
Q

What is a pigmented nevi?

A

Yellow to black pigmentation on the skin or a mole

53
Q

Tx for Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum?

A

none, disappears in 48 -72 hrs

54
Q

lotion like substance with a cheesy appearance that protects skin of fetus from amniotic fluid?

A

vernix caseosa

55
Q

tiny white papules over the nose and cheeks of a NB caused by obstructed or destended sebaceous glands and its tx?

A
  • Milia

- no tx needed, is self limiting

56
Q

Flat purple discoloration usually on the face, a.k.a “port wine stains”?

A

Nevus Flammeus - do not enlarge or fade

57
Q

When does the anterior fontanel close?

A

at 12-18 months

58
Q

When does the posterior fontanel close?

A

8 - 12 weeks

59
Q

How long and how often do NBs sleep?

A

16-20 hrs a day for 7/8 periods

Maternity & Women's Health (18 decks)

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