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Maternity & Women's Health > Antenatal Physiology and Care > Flashcards

Antenatal Physiology and Care Flashcards

1
Q

Prolactin is released from?

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

Oxytocin is released from?

A

pituitary gland

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3
Q

Presumptive signs of pregnancy?

A

subjective signs: amenorrhea, breast tenderness, N/V, fatigue, frequency and quickening

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4
Q

What is the medical term for the woman’s perception 1st fetal movement?

A
  • quickening
  • 1st preg: 18-20 wks
  • > 1 preg: 16-18 wks
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5
Q

Probable signs of pregnancy?

A

abd enlargement, chadwick sign, hegars sign, goodalls sign, pos pregnancy test

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6
Q

Positive signs of pregnancy?

A

auscultation of fetal heart sounds, US, fetal movement upon palpation

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7
Q

What is fetal souffle?

A

blowing sound heard in sync with heart sounds

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8
Q

Bluish disoloration of cervix and vag from increased blood loss?

A

Chadwick sign

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9
Q

What is the Hegars sign?

A

softening of the uterus

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10
Q

What is goodalls sign?

A

softening of vaginal portion of the cervix

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11
Q

What is Nagele’s Rule?

A
  • used to determine EDD and has 2 methods using last date of last menstruation
  • Apr-Dec: sub 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 yr
  • Jan-Mar: add 9 months, add 7 days
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12
Q

Using Nagele’s Rule, which calculation is used if the LMP was Jan-Mar?

A

add 9 months, add 7 days

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13
Q

Using Nagele’s Rule, which calculation is used if the LMP was Apr-Dec?

A

sub 3 months, add 7 days, add 1 yr

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14
Q

What is the timeframe for the 1st semester?

A

1-13 wks

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15
Q

What is the timeframe for the 2nd semester?

A

13-28 wks

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16
Q

What is the timeframe for the 3rd semester?

A

28-40 wks

17
Q

Tradition Prenatal Visit Scheduling?

A
  • once a month until 28 wks
  • q 2 wks until 36
  • Wkly after 36 wks until delivery
  • Total visits: 13 –14
18
Q

Centering Pregnancy Prenatal Visit Scheduling (group care)?

A
  • First visit w/in 1st trimester
  • 16-28 wks: every 4 wks
  • 29-40 wks: every 2 wks
  • Total visits: 10
19
Q

Fundal Height:

1) 12 weeks
2) 16 wks
3) 20 wks
4) > 20 wks
5) > 24 wks

A

1) top of symphysis pubis
2) midpoint to umbilicus
3) at umbilicus or 20 cm
4) see increase of 1 cm/wk
5) gestation in wks = cm (+/- 2 cm)

20
Q

How do you measure fundal height?

A

start at the symphysis pubis and measure up to top of the uterus or fundus

21
Q

Follow-Up/Repeat Labs during pregnancy?

A
  • Diabetes Screen (26 -28 weeks)
  • Hgb/Hct (28weeks)
  • Rh Antibody screen (28weeks)
  • Group B Strep (GBS) (36 weeks)
  • Gonorrhea / Chlamydia (36 weeks)
22
Q

When can you use the below to auscultate the fetal heartbeat?

1) Fetoscope
2) Doppler

A

1) 20 wks

2) 12 wks

23
Q

When is the gestational sac visible on an US?

A

at 5wks

24
Q

When is fetal heart activity visible on an US?

A

6-7 wks

25
Q

How do you measure gestational age:

1) during 1st trimester
2) after 12 wks

A

1) crown to rump length

2) biparietal diameter

26
Q

Discomforts Of Pregnancy: 1st Trimester

A 
N/V
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Breast fullness and tenderness
Increased vaginal discharge
Food cravings and aversions
Increased intestinal gas
Constipation
Mood Swings
27
Q

When does most nausea resolve in pregnancy?

A

around 16th wk

28
Q

Hyperemesis Gravidarum s/s

A

constant N/V, weight loss, ketonuria

29
Q

Tx of Hyperemesis Gravidarum?

A

TPN, IV hydration and tx N/V

30
Q

Discomforts of Pregnancy: 2nd Trimester

A 
Nose Bleeds
Bleeding gums
Constipation
Headaches
Braxton-Hicks contractions
Round ligament pain
Backache
Skin changes
Varicosities
Leg Cramps
31
Q

A woman presents at 20 wks with a burning/painful sensation on her sides with movement, what do you suspect?

A

round ligament pain

32
Q

Discomforts of Pregnancy: Third Trimester

A

Mood swings
Insomnia
Dyspnea - improves after baby “drops” in primips
Lightening/pelvic discomforts
Prelabor uterine activity
Persistent or worsening round ligament pain

33
Q

Pregnant women should avoid these when exercising?

A
  • Supine or inverted positions
  • Prolonged overheating
  • Exercising to the point of exhaustion
  • Exercises that might result in loss of balance or abdominal injury
34
Q

Danger Signs: General Pregnancy

A
  • Vaginal bleeding or watery discharge
  • Painful urination
  • Abdominal pain
  • Persistent Vomiting
  • Chills or fever
  • Dizziness (sudden or extreme)
  • Visual disturbances
  • Rupture of membranes (leaking of fluid)
  • Decrease or cessation in fetal activity
35
Q

Which categories of drug(s) are safe for use in pregnancy?

A
  • A & B are safe

- C can be used but need to weight risk vs gains

36
Q

OTC drugs safe for use during pregnancy?

A
  • Antacids for heartburn (Maalox, Mylanta, Tums)
  • Cough or cold: An expectorant (Mucinex, Robitussin, Vicks 44 Cough Relief), Cough drops, Vicks VapoRub
  • Headache: Acetaminophen
  • Allergies: An antihistamine (Chlor-Trimeton allergy tablets, Claritin, Tavist ND, Triaminic Allerchews, Benadryl)
37
Q

Vaccinations safe during pregnancy?

A
  • Killed viruses: Hepatitis B (recombinant), tetanus, diphtheria, rabies, flu vaccine
  • Flu vaccination administration is a very important prenatal health promotion activity
38
Q

Vaccinations not safe to give during pregnancy?

A

Live or attenuated: rubeola, rubella, chicken pox, mumps

Maternity & Women's Health (18 decks)

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