New technologies - video

Question 1

terapia, lecznictwo

Answer 1

therapeutics

Question 2

na progu czegoś (np. dorosłego życia), na przełomie czegoś (np. lat)

Answer 2

on the cusp of something

Question 3

oznakować, omarkować nowe technologie

Answer 3

to brand new technologies

Question 4

metody terapeutyczne, lecznice

Answer 4

therapeutic modes

Question 5

oczyszczać, filtrować???

Answer 5

to scavenge away

Question 6

nanotechnologia

Answer 6

nanotechnology

Question 7

Nanotechnologia - opis

Answer 7

• the manipulation of matter on an atomic, molecular, supramolecular scale
• machines to watch how you’re living, start to warn when something is going wrong
• doctors have no machine to measure how you’re feeling
• putting nano machnies inside our bodies -> want them to go and scavenge away, repair parts which are broken, remove clots and all at the moment this is rather large scale interventions that surgeons have to push sth in your body

Question 8

nanonauka

Answer 8

nanoscience

Question 9

bioinżynieria

Answer 9

bioengineering

Question 10

substancja międzykomórkowa

Answer 10

extracellular matrix

Question 11

rusztowanie

Answer 11

scaffold

Question 12

bioinżynieria - opis

Answer 12

• the application of engineering principles and techniques to problems in medicine and biology such as the design and production of atrificial limbs and organs
• the quality of our tissues decreases with time and we’re going to need more replacement parts for our quality of life
• studying natural materials to make artificial materials that are similar to the natural one
• our scaffolds mimic the natural parts and then if you add cells to that, you can engineer a new tissue

Question 13

medycyna regeneracyjna

Answer 13

regenerative medicine

Question 14

medycyna regeneracyjna - opis

Answer 14

• the process of replacing or regenerating human cells, tissues or organs to restore or establish normal function using adult and embryone stem cells
• developing a tissue egineered cardiac patch made out of stem cells that replace and restore normal function to the heart
• using embryonic stem cells that can form heart muscle and all other structures of the heart
• aim -> the heart function completely backs to the normal
• huge area: kidneys, livers, repairing damage brain, spinal cord

Question 15

immunoterapia

Answer 15

immunotherapy

Question 16

poprawa, rozszerzenie, zwiększenie

Answer 16

enhancement

Question 17

immunoterapia - opis

Answer 17

• treatment or prevention of disease that involves the stimulation, enhancement, supression or desensitisation of the immune system
• understanding what makes a really good killer cell, what are the mechanisms that control that killing
• understaning in detail the mechanisms that control the killer T cells

3 approaches:

• studying cells in patients with genetic diseases where the kiler cells don’t work
• look at the genes which need to be expressed to train a cell to be a really good killer
• high resolution imaging on live cells - sse what happens to make a killing effective

Question 18

mieć asa w rękawie

Answer 18

have a trick up one’s sleeve

Question 19

arsenał środków

Answer 19

a bag of tricks

Question 20

szalka Petriego

Answer 20

Petri dish

Question 21

kierować zespołem

Answer 21

head up a team

Question 22

majstrować

Answer 22

tinker

Question 23

klinicysta

Answer 23

clinician

Question 24

modyfikacja genu

Answer 24

gene editing

Question 25

modyfikacja genu - opis

Answer 25

the intoduction of normal genes into cells in place of missing or defective genes to correct genetic disorders

-genome editing/CRISPR - it allows to essentially rewrite the DNA, correct mistakes in that DNA

CRISPR - the exploitation of an ativiral defective system (bacteria) - scientists have taken components of that to be able to rewrite DNA

• the cut, the removal and the replacement of DNA
• looking down whithin a cell to tinker, record information into the cell, program cells

future: correct the cells in the Petri dish, put them back into the patients - access complete cure