New Misc. Questions

Question 1

What germ layer does nervous tissue originate from?

Answer 1

Ectoderm

Question 2

Which organ in the digestive system regulates glucose levels by breaking down glycogen?

Answer 2

The Liver

Question 3

Where does Transcription occur in Eukaryotes?

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Where does translation occur in eukaryotes?

Answer 4

cytoplasm

Question 5

Where does translation occur in prokaryotes?

Answer 5

Transcription and translation are coupled in prokaryotes (both occurring in cytoplasm)

Question 6

Where does replication occur in eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

Answer 6

eukaryotes: in the nucleus

in prokaryotes: in the cytoplasm

Question 7

where does oxidative phosphorylation occur in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 7

eukaryotes: inner mitochondrial membrane
prokaryotes: plasma membrane

Question 8

which organelles resemble Golgi apparatus in a eukaryote under the microscope?

Answer 8

smooth ER – membranes w/ many folds

Question 9

What is the distinguishing feature that allows mRNA to be identified?

Answer 9

the Poly-A tail – allows them to be identified and isolated

Question 10

How to use radiolabeled phosphorus and sulfur?

Answer 10

Proteins: contain sulfur, NOT phosphorus
DNA: contain phosphorus, NOT sulfur

Question 11

Where are intricate muscle movements coordinated in the brain?

Answer 11

cerebellum

Question 12

Duplicity Theory of Vision

Answer 12

retina (rods and cones)

Question 13

What makes a causal mechanism?

Answer 13

process/pathway through an outcome is brought into being

Question 14

Signs of upper motor neuron dysfunction

Answer 14

hyperreflexia, clonus, hypertonia, and the babinski sign

Question 15

signs of lower motor neuron dysfunction

Answer 15

atrophy, hypotonia, hyporeflexia, and skeletal muscle twitches

Question 16

areas of the brain involved in the cortical projection of dopamine

Answer 16

dopamine is released from ventral tegmentum (mid-brain) to the limbic system through nucleus accumbens

it is released from the substantia nigra to the striatum

it is released from the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

Question 17

purpose of the raphe nuclei

Answer 17

releases serotonin to the cerebral cortex

Question 18

what lobe is responsible for sensation and perception?

Answer 18

the parietal lobe

Question 19

part of the brain that releases histamine

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

part of the brain that releases acetylcholine

Answer 20

frontal lobe nuclei that release – basalis nucleus and septal nuclei

Question 21

What does the area of the Pressure x Volume graph indicate?

Answer 21

the total Work done

Question 22

What trade is associated with Na/K ATPase

Answer 22

transport of 3 Na+ out, and 2 K+ in

Question 23

The adrenal medulla is associated with what part of the nervous system?

Answer 23

The peripheral Nervous system – the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system only

it secretes norepinephrine and epinephrine = associated with short-term response to stress

Question 24

What is complex II in the ETC

Answer 24

succinate dehydrogenase

Question 25

Imprinted genes

Answer 25

they are expressed in a parent-specific manner

Question 26

which part of the brain initiates the endocrine system in response to stress?

Answer 26

The hypothalamus. As it controls the pituitary gland

Question 27

the direction of magnetic force and velocity on a moving charge?

Answer 27

the mag force acts on a moving charge perpendicularly to the velocity and direction of the magnetic field

Question 28

C and N terminal Peptide attachment

Answer 28

[N-term – C-term] —- [N-term – C-term]

Question 29

Graph shape of a cooperative process

Answer 29

sigmoidal

Question 30

General structure of a storage lipid

Answer 30

3 FAs ester linked to single glycerol

Question 31

Lewis Base

Answer 31

donate e- pair forming covalent interaction

Question 32

Coordinate covalent bond

Answer 32

coordinate covalent bond: metal cation receives electrons from an e- pair donor

Question 33

Difference between a covalent bond and a coordinate covalent bond

Answer 33

a covalent bond: one e- form each atom is shared to create the bond
a coordinate covalent bond: both electrons come from the same atom

Question 34

ionic bonding

Answer 34

electrostatic attraction between cations and anions

Question 35

ionization energies

Answer 35

increases moving up and to the right (towards nonmetals)

Metals have lower ionization energies than nonmetals, as long as ionization event involves valence e-

Question 36

object distance > focal length, focal length is (-). what image is produced?

Answer 36

a virtual and reduced image

Question 37

batter energy transformation

Answer 37

chemical to electrical to thermal

Question 38

what creates primary protein structure?

Answer 38

the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of another amino acid (removing a H2O in the process)

Question 39

what creates secondary protein structure

Answer 39

due to interactions of the backbone

-held in shape by the hydrogen bonds formed between the carbonyl-O of one and the amino H of another

Question 40

what creates tertiary protein structure

Answer 40

caused by R-group interactions (ionic, H bonding, disulphide bridges, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions)

Question 41

How does ATP inhibit PFK-1?

Answer 41

ATP is the end product of glycolysis, it downregulates via feedback inhibition. It also binds to the regulatory site = allosteric regulation

Question 42

Where are secretory proteins synthesized?

Answer 42

rough ER

Question 43

what is ubiquitination?

Answer 43

targets a protein for degradation by a proteasome

Question 44

Proteasome

Answer 44

protein complex containing proteases. breaks down proteins that have been targeted by ubiquitin

Question 45

How are most viral proteins produced?

Answer 45

via direct translation of viral nucleic acid