Khan Academy Questions

Question 1

Cofactor

Answer 1

non-organic compound utilized as an enzyme/allows the reaction to proceed

Question 2

Induced Fit Model: what alters the enzyme binding site?

Answer 2

the substrate

Question 3

Ligase

Answer 3

catalyzes the “ligation” of two molecules via the formation of a covalent bond, eliminating a H2O

Question 4

allosteric binding

Answer 4

reversible, noncovalent

Question 5

where during normal DNA replication is genetic material lost from telomeres?

Answer 5

joining of adjacent Okazaki fragments

Question 6

Ribosome subunits of humans and prokaryotes

Answer 6

Humans: 60S and 40S = sum at 80S
Prokaryotes: 50S and 30S = sum at 70S

Question 7

Difference between introns and exons

Answer 7

introns: “are out” noncoding regions of DNA and are cleaved from RNA transcripts before they are translated to proteins

Exons: major coding regions, spliced together in RNA to produce functional sequences for translation

Question 8

GLycosylation

Answer 8

attachment of sugar moieties to proteins for post-translational modification
location ER and golgi apparatus

Question 9

miRNA

Answer 9

aids in transcriptional and post transcriptional regulation via gene silencing through translational repression or target degradation

Question 10

Theory of intersectionality

Answer 10

we need to understand how the double and triple jeopardy exists w/ overlapping categories of discrimination.

Question 11

culture of poverty

Answer 11

that poor people develop a unique value structure to deal with their lack of success in socity and are resigned to their lower socio-economic position

Question 12

Feminist Theory

Answer 12

investigates and seeks to understand the mechanisms of gender inequality

Question 13

Functionalism

Answer 13

focuses on social structures and how they interact

Question 14

Conflict Theory

Answer 14

describes the relationship between unequal access and social tensions

Question 15

Symbolic interactionist

Answer 15

interested in various ways that symbols impact interpretation

Question 16

Strong Social Constructionism

Answer 16

rejects brute facts, believes everything can be explained by an interaction between social constructs
ex: knowledge and language depend on socially constructed understanding

Question 17

a non-conservative mutation

Answer 17

a new amino acid is of a different type than the original protein

Question 18

Base pairing transition

Answer 18

point mutation when one purine is substituted for another purine, or v.v.

Question 19

In nature, restriction enzymes are meant to protect:

Answer 19

bacteria from viruses,
restriction enzymes destroy unprotected DNA (which is usually foreign DNA)
Hosts (humans) protect their DNA via methylation

Question 20

Palindromic DNA Sequence

Answer 20

will read the same sequence 5’ to 3’ on either strand.

This is different compared to a palindromic number (12321)

Question 21

What does ethidium bromide do?

Answer 21

dye that intercalates in DNA, visible in gel electrophoresis assays

Question 22

what direction does polymerase move?

Answer 22

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 23

what enzyme is needed to generate cDNA from mRNA?

Answer 23

reverse transcriptase

Question 24

is cDNA ssDNA or dsDNA?

Answer 24

ssDNA

Question 25

how to convert cDNA to regular DNA?

Answer 25

DNA polymerase can convert sDNA to dsDNA

Question 26

Microarray

Answer 26

we are assaying a variety of DNA, usually a chip with a bunch of little wells

Question 27

Synaptonemal Complexes

Answer 27

• “scaffold” upon which recombination takes place
• form between two structures that will undergo genetic recombination (homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids)
• made of highly specialized proteins

Question 28

pre-zygotic reproductive isolation

Answer 28

barriers that prevent two organisms from mating

Question 29

disruptive selection

Answer 29

when two extremes of a population are selected for

Question 30

ATP Hydrolysis involves the hydrolysis of what bond?

Answer 30

the phosphoanhydride bond linking the gamma-phosphate to the beta-phosphate