New Materials Flashcards

1
Q

Smart materials behave differently depending on the…

A

Conditions eg, temperature

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2
Q

What is nitinol? Describe it.

A

A shape changing alloy.
It’s a metal alloy (about half nickel and half titanium) but when it’s cool you can bend it and twist it like rubber. Bend it too far and it stays bent. If you heat it above a certain temp. it goes back to a remembered shape.

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3
Q

Why is nitinol useful for glasses frames?

A

If you accidentally bend them you can put them in a bowl of hot water and they’ll jump back into shape.

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4
Q

Why is nitinol used for dental braces?

A

In the mouth it warms up and tries to return to it’s remembered shape, and so gently it pulls the teeth together.

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5
Q

1 nm (nanometre) = how many metres?

A

0.000 000 001m

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6
Q

How big is a nanoparticle?

A

1-100 nanometres

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7
Q

How many atoms do nanoparticles have (roughly)?

A

Few hundread

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8
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

These are molecules of carbon, shaped like hollow balls or closed tubes. The carbon atoms are arranged in hexagonal rings. Different fullerenes contain different numbers of carbon atoms.

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9
Q

Nanoparticles include…

A

Fullerenes

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10
Q

What can you make with fullerenes?

A

Nanotubes - fullerenes can be joined together to form nanotubes - teeny tiny hollow carbon tubes, a few nanometres across.

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11
Q

Why are nanotubes strong? What can they be used for?

A

They have lots of covalent bonds. They can be used to reinforce graphite in tennis rackets.

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12
Q

What is the name for ‘using nanoparticles’?

A

Nanoscience

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13
Q

Nanoparticles have a huge [ ] ratio, so they could help make new industrial [ ].

A

surface area to volume

catalysts

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14
Q

You can use nanoparticles to make sensors to detect [ ]. These highly specific sensors are already being used to test [ ].

A

one type of molecule and nothing else

water purity

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15
Q

What can nanoparticles be used for in constriction?

A

Lighter, stronger building materials

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16
Q

Nanoparticles can be used in cosmetics. Name 2 cosmetics they can be used for. What is the advantage of using nanoparticles?

A

Sun tan Cream and Deodorant

The small particles do their job but don’t leave white marks on the skin

17
Q

What are the advantages of using nanoparrticles in meedicine? What is the term for using nanoparrticles in medicine?

A

Nanomedicine
Tiny fullerenes are absorbed more easily in the blood than most particles. This means they could deliver drugs right into the cells where they’re needed.

18
Q

Lubricant coatings are being developed using [ ]. What are they used for? Why?

A

Fullerenes

These coatings reduce friction and could be used in all sorts of places from artificial joints to gears.

19
Q

Can nanotubes conduct electricity? Therefore…

A

Yes!!!

they can be used in tiny electric circuits for computer chips.