Acids and Alkalis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pH scale a measure of?

A

How acidic or alkaline a solution is

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2
Q

What is the range of the pH scale? What does that mean?

A

pH 0 - strongest acid

pH 14 - Strongest alkali

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3
Q

What is the pH of a neutral substance? Give an example

A

pH 7 - pure water

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4
Q

What do you use to test the pH of a solution? How does it work?

A

An indicator - the dye in an indicator changes colour depending on whether it’s above or below a certain pH

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5
Q

Describe Universal indicator?

A

A combination of dyes which gives the colours of the pH scale.

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6
Q

Describe the colours of the pH scale

A
Dark red = pH 0 
Orange = pH 3
Green = pH 7
Bluey purple = pH 10
Bright purple = pH 14
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7
Q

What is an acid?

A

A substance with a pH less than 7. Acids form H+ ions in water

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8
Q

What is an base?

A

Substance with a pH greater than 7

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9
Q

What is an alkali?

A

A base that dissolves in water. Alkalis form OH- ions in water

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10
Q

Describe how ions make something acidic/alkaline

A

H+ = acidic

OH - = alkaline

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11
Q

What is the name for a reactions between acids and bases? Write the general word equation

A

Neutralisation

Acid + Base -> Salt + Water

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12
Q

What is the ion equation of a neutralisation reaction?

A

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) -> H₂O (l)

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13
Q

What can be used to determine whether a neutralisation is over?

A

An indicator

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14
Q

What are the state symbols? and what do they mean?

A

(s) - solid
(l) - liquid
(g) - gas
(aq) - aqueous, dissolved in water

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