New Economic Policy Flashcards
What caused the NEP to be implemented?
The failing policy of War Communism and the Kronstadt Rising in 1921.
When did Lenin announce the NEP?
March 1921.
Who supported the NEP a lot?
Kamenev and Zionivev.
What did traditional Bolsheviks see the NEP as?
An ideological BETRAYAL.
Which agricultural measure did the NEP bring to an end? What was introduced instead?
The Requisitioning of the Grain. A quota was to be given to the state instead. In 1923 this quote changed to a monetary tax.
The ban of which capitalist feature was lifted?
The ban on private trade.
Which industries did the state control?
Only COS = Coal, Oil, Steel. So just heavy industry.
What else was ended? (To do with food consumption).
Rationing came to an end! Managers now paid people with money by the piece (for the amount of work they did).
What was the general impact of the NEP? Good, or bad?
Economically effective, so good.
Which businesses began to thrive now that the NEP had been implemented?
Small businesses such as restaurants and shops in the cities.
What happened to Agricultural Production as a result of the NEP? Which class re-emerged as a result of this?
It SOARED! Kulaks came out to play once again.
What was the Scissor Crisis of 1923? How did the Government combat it?
Agricultural Production kept on increasing, so the value of the produce (price) kept decreasing.
The Government worried that because there weren’t many consumer goods to buy, peasants would withhold their stock, so they introduced a monetary tax in 1923 to force them to sell. Fixed by 1926.
How many private traders were operating in Moscow in 1925? Which percentage of trade in Moscow were they responsible for?
25,000 Nepmen. Responsible for 75% of trade.
Why did the Bolsheviks tolerate Nepmen?
Because they stimulated the economy and paid their taxes.
What did traditional Bolsheviks see the NEP as?
A retreat to capitalism.
What was Lenin’s quote about the NEP?
‘One step backwards, two step forwards.’
What did Zinoviev call the NEP?
A temporary and tactical retreat.
When was the Ban on Factions introduced? And why?
March 1921. To remove opposition to the Bolsheviks’ regime and to prevent repeats of parties such as the Workers Opposition Group developing again.
What happened the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries?
Some killed, of course, but they were also straight up banned. Bye bitch.
What did the Cheka become in 1922?
GPU. More powerful than ever before.
Lenin used show trials to kill some Mensheviks and SRs, how many did he kill?
11 SRs/Mensheviks as a warning.
What became illegal in 1922 to do with free speech?
Criticising the government became illegal.
How was religion attacked in 1922?
Union of the Militant Godless was founded. They stripped the Church of wealth, arrested priests and even killed some.
What was the Nomenklatura of 1923?
A list of 5000 government posts.
Who could appoint people to positions from list of the Nomenklatura?
Central Party Bodies only could elect selected Party members. They received material awards.
