Agricultural and Social Developments in the Countryside Flashcards
Stage 1 of Collectivisation was when?
1929-1930
What happened to peasants who failed to meet Stalin’s grain quotas?
They were punished.
How did Stalin try to stir up hatred for the Kulaks?
Propaganda campaigns were launched against them,
By 1929, what was the situation like regarding Collectivisation?
Forced collectivisation for all peasants had begun, but was not completed yet.
What did the Red Army and the OGPU do to Kulaks under Stalin?
Identify, deport or execute Kulaks.
Between 1929 and 1930, how many peasants were forced to migrate North and East after being labelled Kulaks?
150,000
What percentage of grain farms were to be collectivised in January 1930? Stalin announced it.
25%
How many farms were collectivised by January 1930?
58%
Stalin announced that local officials were being too harsh with the collectivisation in January 1930. What did Stalin then do?
He announced a brief return to voluntary collectivisation.
When Stalin announced a brief return to voluntary collectivisation in January 1930, what was the outcome?
Bad for Stalin. By October 1930, only 20% of peasants farms were collectivised.
When was Stage Two Collectivisation?
1930-1941
What did Stage Two Collectivisation enforce?
Massive emphasis on collectivising all farms.
How many peasant farms were collectivised by 1934?
70%
How many peasant farms were collectivised by 1941?
100%
What was a Kolkhoz? How was it created?
The typical collective farm.
Created by combining small individual farms together in a cooperative structure. Peasants lived in the same houses as before and had their own land to work on as well as a communal area too.
How many families did the average Kolkhoz consist of?
75 and their livestock too.
Which percentage of produce did each Kolkhoz have to give to the state? What happened if they didn’t produce enough?
40%. If they didn’t produce enough, the farm was not paid.
What happened to left over produce from Kolkhozes?
From 1932, they could sell it in a ‘left-over produce market’. This was the only free market allowed in the USSR.
Who oversaw the Kolkhozes production?
There was a Communist Party member which oversaw each farm.
How was work on the Kolkhoz enforced?
Internal passports stopped people from leaving these farms.
What was a Sovkhoz?
A ‘State’ farm.
These were the ideal socialist farms. A peasant was referred to as a ‘worker’ and they were paid a fixed wage by the State.
Where were Sovkhoz workers typically recruited from?
Landless rural residents.
Why was there peasant opposition towards Sovkhozes?
Because the Sovkhozes got wages and the Kolkhozes didn’t.
Which machine became very important in the development of modern farming methods that could produce grain at a quicker rate?
The Tractor.
