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PRELIMS HEMA LEC > Neutrophils/ Eosinophils/ Basophils > Flashcards

Neutrophils/ Eosinophils/ Basophils Flashcards

1
Q

Introduction for Neutrophils:

diameter:
nucleus lobes:
cytoplasm:
aka:

A

diameter: 9-15um
nucleus lobes: 3-4
cytoplasm: grainy appearance
aka: Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil

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2
Q

Kinetics of Neutrophil

  1. lifespan:
  2. approx __hrs in blood -> migrates to tissues (____)
    - moving to the margin of endothelial lining
    - example of adherence molecules (2)
    - squeezing out
  3. ____ = once the cell performs its function, they die becoming a ___ cell
  4. motility w/o any particular area to proceed
    - aka
  5. motility attracted to particular chemical
    - aka
    - chemokine receptors
  6. Syndrome Normal Random Motility; Abnormal Directional Motility
  7. Syndrome Abnormal Random & Directional Motility
A
  1. 9-10 days
  2. 7hrs; emigration
    - marginatioj
    - integrity, p selections
    - diapedesis
  3. end stage cell; pus cell
  4. Random mitotility
    - chemokinesis
  5. Directional motility
    - chemotaxis
    - CXCR1 & CXCR2
  6. Job Syndrome
  7. Lazy Leukocyte Syndrome
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3
Q

DISTRIBUTION OF NEUTROPHILS
1. immature cells that are capable of mitosis
- how many days
2. immature cells that are not capable of mitosis
- how many days
3. mature neutrophils
- how many days

TWO CIRCULATION DISTRIBUTION
1.
2.

A
  1. Mitotic pool
    - 2-3 days
  2. Maturation pool
    - 5-7 days
  3. Storagempool
    - 11 days

TWO CIRCULATION DISTRIBUTION
1. Marginating pool
2. Circulating pool

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4
Q

FUNCTIONS OF NEUTROPHILS

  1. have receptors for ___ (__) & __ (____)
  2. vacuole contains phagocytosized organism
  3. bacterial enzymes in primary and secondary granules (2)
  4. enzyme in lysosome that contains enzymes capable of killing
  5. relies on production of ROS to destroy pathogens
    - aka
    - produces ____ & ____
  6. does not rely on ROS but uses other
    antimicrobial proteins & enzymes within phagosome
A
  1. Fc (IgG) & C3 (complement)
  2. phagosome
  3. muramidase & peroxidase
  4. hydrolytic enzymes
  5. Oxygen Dependent
    - Respiratory Burst
    - hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorite
  6. Oxygen Inependent
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5
Q

FUNCTIONS OF NEUTROPHILS

  1. will form into thread like filaments that will serve as a trap
    - some strands contain contents like _____ that once the antigen is trapped, they can still kill or destroy

capability to secrete granules
2. in promyelocyte stage; but is not accurate for identifying which WBC it contains
- granules (4)
3. in myelocyte stage; can identify what type of granulocyte by just identifying its granules
- granules (4)
4. in late myelocyte stage
- granules (1)
5. responsible in secreting other protein like CD markers, adhesion molecules that will promote adhesion of neutrophil on cell surfaces/ vascular tissues
- process

A
  1. Neutrophil Extracellular Trap
    - myeloperoxidase

capability to secrete granules
2. Primary/ Azurophilic
- muramidase, peroxidase, elastase, cathepsin
3. Secondary/ Specific
- lactoferrin, lysozyme, collagenase, b2-microglobulin
4. Tertiary
- alkaline phosphatase
5. Secretory
- exocytosis

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6
Q

EOSINOPHILS

  1. diameter
  2. nucleus
  3. cytoplasm
    - pH of stains for blood smear
  4. aka
A
  1. 9-15um
  2. bilobes, coarse and clumped chromatic
  3. Red-orange refractive granules
    - 6.4-6.8
  4. Acidophil
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7
Q

Kinetics of Eosinophils

  1. lifespan: ____ in blood&raquo_space; ___ in tissues
    - even there is no hormone triggering eosinophil migrate, it will still migrate to tissue once it reaches its half-life
  2. tissue eosinophils are found mostly in
  3. hormone that stimulates eosinophils
    - increased adrenal corticoids = ___ eosinophil will migrate
    - _____ = decreased eosinophils (_____)
    - ____ will lead to eosinopenia
A
  1. 18hrs > 6 days
    - 18hrs
  2. skin, nasal membrane, lungs, git
  3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
    - more
    - ACTH injection = decreased eosinophils (eosinopenia)
    - Hyperadrenalism
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8
Q

FUNCTIONS OF EOSINOPHILS
1. it has _______ property
- protein that kills the larval stages of
helminths
2. when eosinophil stimulates this granulation, mast cells can release the granules that will cause
3. crystals from primary granules that indicates there was an increase in eosinophil
- it contains _____ which is from cytoplasm of eosinophils
4. type of sensitivity rxn wherein one of
manifestations is eosinophilia

A
  1. anti-helminthic property
    - Maltose-Binding Protein
  2. hypersensitivity
  3. Charcot-Leyden crystals
    - lysophospholipase
  4. Loeffler’s Syndrome
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9
Q

BASOPHILS

  1. Diameter
  2. Nucleus
  3. Cytoplasm
    - granules (4)
  4. ___% presence in differential count
A
  1. 10-16
  2. indented; smudged chromatic
  3. dark purple to blue-black granules
    - heparin, serotonin, peroxidase, histamine
  4. 0-1%
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10
Q

roles of the major mediators produced by basophils in allergy:

histamine
1.
2.

Interleukins (___ & __)
1.
- specifically ___
2.

A

histamine
1. increase vascular permeability
2. cause smooth muscle contraction

Interleukins (IL-4 & IL-13)
1. promotes lymphocyte differentiation
- Type 2 Helper Cells
2. promotes IgE production

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11
Q

Basophils vs Eosinophils

  1. mediate inflammatory response &
    immediate hypersensitivity rxn
  2. dampen inflammatory and hypersensitivity responses
  3. secretes ECF-A
  4. attracted to ECF-A
  5. ECF-A aka
  6. basophil & mast cells contain ____ which is one of the signs & symptoms of allergy
  7. eosinophils contain _____ that oxidizes histamine
  8. both can control _______
A
  1. Basophils
  2. Eosinophils
  3. Basophils
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Eosinophil Chemotactic Factor Anaphylaxis
  6. histamine
  7. histamines
  8. helminth infection
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12
Q

_____: connective tissue cell
- aka

  1. mesenchymal origin aka _____
  2. basophil & mast cells share common functions like ___ & ______
    - initiators of hypersensitivity rxn
    - effectors of hypersensitivity rxn
A

MAST CELL/ MASTOCYTE

  1. KIT LIGAND
  2. HYPERSENSITIVITY/ INFLAMMATORY REACTIONS
    - BASOPHILS
    - MAST CELLS
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13
Q

Immediate Hypersensitivity

during the first exposure to allergy > person will not manifest signs & symptoms; what will happen is that

  1. ___ will be activated and be transformed to ___ (production of antibody
  2. this will now produce ____ that will now attach to basophils and mast cells

during the second exposure to the same allergy > person will manifest signs & symptoms

  1. ____ and mast cells/basophils will degranulate releasing chemical contents such as _____ & _____
A

during the first exposure to allergy > person will not manifest signs & symptoms; what will happen is that

  1. B cell > Plasma cell
  2. IgE

during the second exposure to the same allergy > person will manifest signs & symptoms

  1. primed (attached) IgE; histamine & cytokines
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PRELIMS HEMA LEC (10 decks)

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