BSC 2 Flashcards
- If both arms of the antecubital fossa are not accessible, we can try the lower arm which is the
- If all vessels at the upper extremity are not accessible, we can go to the lower extremities
There are some patients
contraindicated with this site, like those who have:
1. longed unhealing of the wounds
2. those prone to suffers clots, unneeded clots, & abnormal clots
3. those suffering from hb S disease, wherein the sickle cell will obstruct the circulation
- Superficial Veins of the Dorsal Hand
- Superficial Veins of the foot
There are some patients
contraindicated with this site, like those who have:
1. Diabetes Mellitus
2. Thrombotic disorder
3. Hemoglobinopathies
SITUATIONS IN THE PHLEBOTOMY
- means connection, it is connection implanted surgically to connect the arterial and veins
- tubing connected to an artery, like in radial artery; for monitoring blood pressure and serial blood gas analysis
- heparin does have anticoagulant that adheres on the tubing, so expect that during the collection, the blood will mix with heparin/saline in a lock called the ____
- When collecting on this site, you need to discard the first ____ - in previous Iv site, collection is not advisable in ____hrs from removal of iv line
- blood collection in sites where IV line is connected, the IV fluid should be stopped for at least ____
- _____ will increase patient values (3)
- ___ & ___ will decrease because of dilution
- Fistula
- Arterial line
- hep-lock/ saline lock
- 5mL - 24-48hrs
- 2mins
- NSS, sodium, chloride
- Creatinine and urea
order of draw for skin puncture
stop, =
light =
red. stay put. =
green =
light, =
go =
stop, = sterile tube
light = light blue (coagulation tube)
red. stay put. = red (serum/plasma)
green = green (heparin)
light, = lavender (edta)
go = gray (glycolytic inhibitor tube)
SPECIMEN PREPARATION
- most common type of blood used in hematology
- w/ anticoagulants
- liquid portion of clotted blood
- can be prepared by allow it to clot and separate the serum or via _____ (removal of fibrin)
Clotting Process
1. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin is by ______
2. Thrombin comes from what protein _____ which is converted by ______
- whole blood
- plasma
- serum
- defibrination
Clotting Process
1. thrombin
2. prothrombin; prothrombinase complex
EVACUATED TUBES USED IN SERUM REPARATION:
- Red Glass
- additive
- section - Red plastic/ hemogard
- additive
- section - Yellow/gray orange
- additive
- section - Red/gray and gold
- additive
- section
- Red Glass
- none
- chem and sero - Red plastic/ hemogard
- silica
- chem and sero - Yellow/gray orange
- thrombin
- stat chem - Red/gray and gold
- clot activator
- chem
________: most commonly used anticoagulant in hematology
- often result to _____
- refrigerate at ___, cell will be valid for ___hrs
- instead of using EDTA, use ____
- EDTA does not preserve well the Factor __ (____ factor) which is I portent coagulation factor unlike in citrate
- Citrate more preferred for coagulation testing because it preserves labile
factors such as ___ & ___ - ___ ratio of edta: dl of blood
EDTA
- PLATELET SATTELITISM
- 4C; 24hrs
- SODIUM CITRATE
- FACTOR V; LABILE FACTOR
- FACTOR V & FACTOR VIII - 1.5mg of EDTA
more about edta
- commercial name includes ____ (Na) & ___ (K2&K3)
- more commonly used than Na because it is more soluble when added to the blood:
- found in powdered formed
- added in tube in liquid form - for hema; most commonly used EDTA stopper
- for bb; spray-dried edta
- for mol diagnostics; edta and gel separator
- for lead testing; k2 edta
- VERSENE & SEQUESTRENE
2.
- K2
- K3 - LAVENDER STOPPER
- PINK STOPPER
- WHITE STOPPER
- TAN (PLASTIC) STOPPER
_____: 2nd most used anticoagulant; inhibits calcium
- two formulations
- ___ glass tube
- ___ plastic tube - _____ contains 3.2%
- ratio of sodium citrate:blood - ____ contains 3.9%
- ratio of sodium citrate:blood
Sodium Citrate
- two formulations
- 0.105 M / 3.2% conc
- 0.129 M / 3.9% - LIGHT BLUE STOPPER
- 1:9 - BLACK STOPPER
- 1:4
______: Best anticoagulant, because it exist in the body
as a natural anticoagulant and best in preventing
hemolysis
- Aka
- Ratio: _____ of Whole blood
- Only anticoagulant that does not act on calcium
but rather it inhibits the thrombin. Thus, it
functions as ______ - test that determines
the ability of the RBC to absorb hypotonic solution without lyse - The pH of heparin is not compatible with the _____
HEPARIN
- Mucoitin polysulfuric acid
- 0.1-0.2 mg/ mL
- ANTITHROMBIN
- Osmotic fragility test
- ROMANOWSKY STAIN
more about heparin:
- Light Green & Green/Black
Additive:
Test: - Green
Additive:
Test: - Tan Glass
Additive:
Test: - Royal Blue
Additive:
Test:
- Light Green & Green/Black
Additive: lithium heparin
Test: chem - Green
Additive: sodium/lithium heparin
Test: chem - Tan Glass
Additive: heparin
Test: lead testing - Royal Blue
Additive: sodium & na2edta
Test: toxicology
OTHER ADDITIVES
- gray stopper contains _____
- yellow stopper contains _______ (SPS) = uses for ____
- yellow stopper with _____ (ACD) = for blood donation/transfusion
- anticoagulant that is less commonly used in hema
- has the disadvantage of causing red cells
to shrink
- has the disadvantage of causing swelling
- _____/ mixture of both ____ & _____ oxalate used to neutralize the shrinkage and swelling effect.
- ___ potassium oxalate : ___ ammonium oxalate - Used in measurement of Fibrin degradation
products (FDP)
- oxalate or antiglycolytic agent
- sodiumpolyanethol sulfonate; culture
- acid citrate, dextrose
- OXALATE
- POTASSIUM OXALATE
- AMMONIUM OXALATE
- MIXTURE OF POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM OXALATE
- 2:3 - THROMBIN AND SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR
