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Step 1 Fast Facts > Neurotransmitters/CNS Nuclei > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters/CNS Nuclei Flashcards

1
Q

Dopamine location

A

Ventral tegmentum, and substantia nigra (midbrain)

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2
Q

Serotonin location

A

raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)

Involved in arousal and sleep wake cycle (lesions lead to depression and insomnia)

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3
Q

ACh location

A

Basal nucleus of Meynert

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4
Q

GABA location

A

Nucleus accumbens

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5
Q

Norepinephrine location

A

Locus ceruleus (dorsal pons)

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6
Q

Supraoptic Nucleus

A

Makes ADH

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7
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

Makes oxytocin
ADH corticotropin releasing hormone
Oxytocin and thyrotropin releasing hormone

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8
Q

Lateral Area

A

Hunger

Destruction leads to anorexia, failure to thrive
Inhibited by leptin

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9
Q

Venteromedial area

A

Satiety

Destruction leads to hyperphagia
Stimulated by leptin

Episodes of rage are sometimes notes

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10
Q

Anterior hypothalamus

A

cooling, parasympathatic

Sweating and vasodilation

Destruction leads to hyperthermia

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11
Q

Posterior hypothalamus

A

Heating, sympathetic

Destruction leads to hypothermia

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12
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Circaidian rhythm

relays light to other hypothalmic nucle and pineal gland

Pineal gland modulates cortisol and melatonin (induces sleep)

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13
Q

Arcuate nucleus

A

Secretion of dopamine (inhibits prolactin)

GHRH and gonadotropin

Also releases neuropeptide Y (appetite stimulant inhibited by leptin) and POMC

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14
Q

VPL

A

Input: spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus

Info: pain and temp, pressure, touch, vibration, and proprioception

Transmits to somatosensory cortex

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15
Q

VPM

A

Input: trigeminal and gustatory pathway

Info: face sensation and taste

transmits to primary somatosensory cortex

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16
Q

LGN

A

Input from CNII

Info Vision

Transmits to Calcarine sulcus

17
Q

MGN

A

Input from superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum

Info: hearing

Transmits to auditory cortex of temporal lobe

18
Q

VL

A

Input from basal ganglia and crebellum

Info: motor

Destination: motor cortex

19
Q

Cerebellum deep nuclei from lateral to medial

A

Dentate Emnoliform, Globose, Fastigial

Purkinje fibers synapse on these nuclei which project to contralteral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle to facilitate coordinated movement

20
Q

Nucleus Ambiguus

A

Lesiones lead to hoarsenss and dysphagia

Associated with PICA infarcts

21
Q

Facial nucleus

A

Lesions lead to paralysis of face, decreased lacrimation, decreased salivation decreased taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue

Specific to AICA infarcts

22
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Alzheimers?

A

decreased ACh

23
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Anxiety

A

increased NE

Decreased GABA and 5HT

24
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Depression?

A

Decreased NE, 5HT, dopamine

25
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Huntingtons Disease

A

Decreased GABA, ACh

increased dopamine

26
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Parkinsons

A

decreased dopamine

increased 5HT
Increased ACh

27
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Schizophrenia

A

increased dopamine

28
Q

Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in impulsive destructive behaviors (aggression, suicide, violence)

A

decreased 5HIAA in CSF

Step 1 Fast Facts (12 decks)

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