Neurotransmitters/CNS Nuclei Flashcards
Dopamine location
Ventral tegmentum, and substantia nigra (midbrain)
Serotonin location
raphe nucleus (pons, medulla, midbrain)
Involved in arousal and sleep wake cycle (lesions lead to depression and insomnia)
ACh location
Basal nucleus of Meynert
GABA location
Nucleus accumbens
Norepinephrine location
Locus ceruleus (dorsal pons)
Supraoptic Nucleus
Makes ADH
Paraventricular nucleus
Makes oxytocin
ADH corticotropin releasing hormone
Oxytocin and thyrotropin releasing hormone
Lateral Area
Hunger
Destruction leads to anorexia, failure to thrive
Inhibited by leptin
Venteromedial area
Satiety
Destruction leads to hyperphagia
Stimulated by leptin
Episodes of rage are sometimes notes
Anterior hypothalamus
cooling, parasympathatic
Sweating and vasodilation
Destruction leads to hyperthermia
Posterior hypothalamus
Heating, sympathetic
Destruction leads to hypothermia
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
Circaidian rhythm
relays light to other hypothalmic nucle and pineal gland
Pineal gland modulates cortisol and melatonin (induces sleep)
Arcuate nucleus
Secretion of dopamine (inhibits prolactin)
GHRH and gonadotropin
Also releases neuropeptide Y (appetite stimulant inhibited by leptin) and POMC
VPL
Input: spinothalamic and dorsal columns/medial lemniscus
Info: pain and temp, pressure, touch, vibration, and proprioception
Transmits to somatosensory cortex
VPM
Input: trigeminal and gustatory pathway
Info: face sensation and taste
transmits to primary somatosensory cortex
LGN
Input from CNII
Info Vision
Transmits to Calcarine sulcus
MGN
Input from superior olive and inferior colliculus of tectum
Info: hearing
Transmits to auditory cortex of temporal lobe
VL
Input from basal ganglia and crebellum
Info: motor
Destination: motor cortex
Cerebellum deep nuclei from lateral to medial
Dentate Emnoliform, Globose, Fastigial
Purkinje fibers synapse on these nuclei which project to contralteral cortex via superior cerebellar peduncle to facilitate coordinated movement
Nucleus Ambiguus
Lesiones lead to hoarsenss and dysphagia
Associated with PICA infarcts
Facial nucleus
Lesions lead to paralysis of face, decreased lacrimation, decreased salivation decreased taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
Specific to AICA infarcts
Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Alzheimers?
decreased ACh
Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Anxiety
increased NE
Decreased GABA and 5HT
Neurotransmitters Increased/Decreased in Depression?
Decreased NE, 5HT, dopamine
