Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Exam 1 > Neurotransmitters > Flashcards

Neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

neurotransmitters synthesized by

A
  • pre-synaptic neuron
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

neurotransmitters packaged into

A
  • synaptic vesicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

neurotransmitters released by

A
  • Ca2+ regulated exocytosis of neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic cleft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

major neurotransmitters

A
  • acetylcholine
  • amino acids
  • amino acid derived
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

amino acid neurotransmitters

A
  • glutamate
  • GABA
  • glycine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

amino acid derived

A
  • serotonin

- catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

catecholamines

A
  • NE
  • EPI
  • dopamine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

acetylcholine found in

A
  • somatic motor neurons
  • basal ganglia neurons
  • ANS
  • basal nucleus of meynert
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

basal ganglia neurons use acetylcholine for

A
  • modulator of motor coordination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

basal nucleus of meynert - what part makes acetylcholine

A
  • neurons in basal forebrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

basal nucleus of meynert - what is acetylcholine used for?

A
  • facilitating memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

clinical application of acetylcholine

A
  • treatment of Alzheimer’s and dementia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

is glutamate excitatory or inhibitory?

A
  • excitatory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where is glutamate found?

A
  • spinal cord
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • hippocampus
  • cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

role of glutamate

A
  • excitation of cognitive, motor, and sensory function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

glutamate often implicated in

A
  • excitotoxicity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

excitotoxicity

A
  • neurons under stress die when overly excited
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clinical application of glutamate

A
  • Rx of ALS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

GABA is excitatory or inhibitory

A
  • inhibitory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

GABA found

A
  • interneurons throughout CNS
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

GABA function

A
  • sedation and muscle relaxation
  • cardiovascular and respiratory function
  • spinal reflexes
  • pain perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

clinical application of GABA

A
  • Rx of anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

glycine (excitatory/inhibitory)

A

inhibitory (Cl-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

glycine located in

A
  • CNS

- spinal cord interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

clinical application of glycine

A
  • Rx of spasticity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

another name for serotonin

A
  • 5-HT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

serotonin synthesized in

A
  • raphe nuclei
  • pineal gland

SARAH AND RAPH GOT TOGETHER IN THE PINEAL GLAND IF YOU KNOW WHAT I’M SAYING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

serotonin associated with

A
  • limbic function

- sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

clinical application of serotonin

A
  • treatment for depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

important enzyme in synthetic pathway of catecholamines

A
  • tyrosine hydroxylase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

NE found in

A
  • sympathetic nervous sytem

- locus ceruleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

locus ceruleus located in

A
  • cerebral cortex
  • LIKE CERULEAN CITY IN POKEMON WHERE MISTY WAS FROM AND SHE WAS HELLA CEREBRAL

ALSO CER AND CER LIKE HOW TF COULD YOU MISS THIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

locus ceruleus projects to

A
  • all over cerebral cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

locus ceruleus role

A
  • mediates arousal
  • attention
  • anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

raphe nuclei are located in

A
  • brainstem

THE BRAINSTEM IS LIKE THE POLE OF THE BRAIN AND MY BOY RAPH HOPPED ON THE POLE LAST YEAR AT THE STRIP CLUB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

raphe nucleus project axons to

A
  • all CNS regions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

clinical application of NE

A
  • Rx of ADHD
38
Q

dopamine synthesized by

A
  • substantia nigra
39
Q

substantia nigra axons project to

A
  • basal ganglia
40
Q

substantia nigra in Parkinson’s

A
  • they degenerate
41
Q

dopamine found in

A
  • brainstem

- hypothalamus

42
Q

dopamine in brainstem important for

A
  • reward
  • pleasure
  • addiction
43
Q

dopamine in schizophrenia

A
  • elevated
44
Q

dopamine in hypothalamus important for

A
  • release by pituitary to inhibit release of prolactin
45
Q

dopamine treatment for

A
  • Rx of schizophrenia

- Rx of Parkinson’s disease

46
Q

two types of neurotransmitter receptors

which is the largest category?

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic (largest category)

47
Q

ionotropic receptor

A
  • an ion channel that alters the voltage of the post synaptic cell
48
Q

metabotropic receptor

A
  • triggers second messenger pathways that media cell’s response
49
Q

excitatory receptors that have ionotropic receptors

A
  • glutamate
  • Ach
  • 5-HT
  • ATP
50
Q

inhibitory receptors that have ionotropic receptors

A
  • GABA

- glycine

51
Q

excitatory receptors are (cation/anion) selective

  • which influx
A
  • cation

- Na+ or Ca2+ influx

52
Q

excitatory receptors effect on cell

A
  • depolarization of the postsynaptic cell
53
Q

inhibitory receptors are (cation/anion) selective

  • which influx
A
  • anion

- Cl- influx

54
Q

inhibitory receptors effect on cell

A
  • hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell
55
Q

metabotropic receptor examples

A
  • alpha 1 and 2
  • beta 1 and 2
  • M2 and M3
56
Q

some second messenger pathways

A
  • adenylyl cyclase
  • phopholipase C
  • gunnel cyclase
  • phospholipase A2
  • G protein coupled K channels
57
Q

adenylyl cyclase associated with

A
  • cAMP
58
Q

cAMP pathways

A
  • PKA

- CNG channels

59
Q

phopholipase C associated with

A
  • IP3 and DAG
60
Q

IP3 and DAG channels

A
  • intracellular Ca2+

- PKC

61
Q

guanylyl cyclase associated with

A
  • cGMP
62
Q

cGMP channels

A
  • PKG and CNG channels
63
Q

phopholipase A2 associated with

A
  • Arachidonic acid and its metabolites
64
Q

receptors of acetylcholine

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic

65
Q

ionotropic receptors of acetylcholine

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • nicotinic

- excitatory

66
Q

metabotropic receptors of acetylcholine

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • muscarinic

- excitatory or inhibitory

67
Q

glutamate receptors

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic

68
Q

ionotropic receptors of glutamate

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • AMPA
  • NMDA
  • Kainate

excitatory

69
Q

metabotropic receptors of glutamate

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • increase cAMP via Gs
  • increase IP3 and DAG via Gq
  • excitatory
70
Q

GABA receptors

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic

71
Q

ionotropic receptors of GABA

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • GABA_A receptors

- inhibitory

72
Q

GABA_A receptors modulate

A
  • ligand gated Cl- channel
73
Q

metabotropic receptors of GABA

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • GABA_B receptors

- inhibitory

74
Q

GABA_B receptors role

A
  • decrease cAMP

- increase K+ permeability via Gi

75
Q

serotonergic receptors

A
  • ionotropic

- metabotropic

76
Q

ionotropic serotonergic receptors

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • 5-HT3

- excitatory

77
Q

metabotropic serotonergic receptors

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • 5-HT1
  • 5-HT2
  • 5-HT4-7
  • excitatory and inhibitory
78
Q

role of metabotropic serotonergic receptors

A
  • some decrease cAMP via Gi
  • some increase cAMP via Gs
  • some increase IP3 and DAG via Gq
79
Q

adrenergic receptors

A
  • metabotropic only
80
Q

adrenergic metabotropic receptors

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • alpha 1 - excitatory
  • alpha 2 - inhibitory
  • beta 1 - excitatory
  • beta 2 - inhibitory
81
Q

a1 receptors role

A
  • increase IP3 and DAG via Gq
82
Q

a2 receptors role

A
  • decrease cAMP via Gi
83
Q

beta receptors role

A
  • increase cAMP via Gs
84
Q

adrenergic receptors are expressed where

A
  • in brain

- pre and post synaptically

85
Q

dopamine receptors

A
  • metabotropic only
86
Q

dopamine metabotropic receptors

excitatory/inhibitory

A
  • D1 - excitatory

- D2 - inhibitory

87
Q

role of D1

A
  • increase cAMP via Gs
88
Q

role of D2

A
  • decrease cAMP via Gi
89
Q

dopamine receptors expressed where

A
  • widely in brain

- pre and post synaptically

90
Q

neuropeptides have what type of activity

A
  • receptor mediated activity
91
Q

gases and other lipid soluble compounds have what type of activity

A
  • retrograde activity

- modulate release of other neurotransmitter

92
Q

glycine receptors

A
  • ionotropic only

Cardio Exam 1 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions